| Term | Definition |
| Irony | the contrast between what is expected or what appears to be and what actually is. |
| verbal irony | the contrast between what is said and what is actually meant |
| irony of situation | this refers to a happening that is the opposite of what is expected or intended |
| dramatic irony | this occurs when the audience or reader knows more than the characters know |
| tone | the authors attitude, stated or implied, toward a subject |
| mood | the climate of feeling in a literary work |
| symbolism | a person place or object which has a meaning in itself but suggest other meanings as well |
| theme | the main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work. the author's observation of life or human nature |
| conflict | is the essence of fiction. it creates plot. by posing a problem |
| man vs man | conflict that pits on person against another |
| man vs nature | a run-in with the forces of nature |
| man vs society | the values and customs by which everyone else lives are being challenged |
| man vs self | internal conflict. not all conflict involved other people. sometimes people are their own worst enemies |