| Term | Definition |
| Irony | The contrast between what is expected or what appears to be and what actually is. |
| Verbal Irony | The contrast between what is said and what is actually meant. |
| Irony of Situation | This refers to a happening that is the opposite of what is expected or intended. |
| Dramatic Irony | This occurs when the audience or reader knows more than the character knows. |
| Tone | The author's attitude, stated or implied, toward a subject. |
| Mood | The climate of feeling in literary work. |
| Symbolism | A person, place or object which has a meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well. |
| Theme | The main idea of underlying meaning of a literary work. The author's observation of life or human nature. |
| Conflict | The essence of fiction. It creates the plot by posing a problem. |
| Man versus Man | Conflict that pits one person against another. |
| Man versus Nature | A run-in with the forces of nature. |
| Man versus Society | The values and customs by which everyone else lives are being challenged |
| Man versus Self | Internal conflict. Not all conflicts involve other people. Sometimes, people are their own worst enemies. |