| Term | Definition |
| Irony | Irony is the contrast between what is expected or what appears to be and what actually is. |
| Verbal Irony | The contrast between what is said and what is actually meant. |
| Irony of situation | This refers to a happening that is the opposite of what is expected or intended. |
| Dramatic Irony | This occurs when the audience or reader knows more than the character know. |
| Tone | The author's attitude, stated or implied, toward a subject. |
| Mood | The climate of feeling in a literary work. |
| Symbolism | A person, place or object which has a meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well. |
| Theme | The main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work. The author's observation of life or human nature. |
| Conflict | is the essence of fiction. It creates plot by posing a problem. |
| Man versus man | conflict that pits one person against another. |
| Man versus nature | A run-in with the forces of nature. |
| Man versus society | the values and customs by which everyone else lives are being challenged. |
| Man versus self | INternal Conflict. Not all conflict involves other people. Sometimes people are their own worst enemies. |