| Term | Definition |
| pectoralis major | prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially; adducts arm |
| deltoid | prime mover of arm abduction; anterior - arm flexion and medial rotation; posterior - arm extension and lateral rotation |
| latissimus dorsi | prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotate arm at shoulder |
| subscapularis * | chief medial rotator of humerus; stabilizes shoulder joint |
| supraspinatus * | initiates arm abduction; stabilizes shoulder joint |
| infraspinatus * | rotates humerus laterally w/teres minor; stabilizes shoulder joint |
| teres minor * | rotates humerus laterally w/infraspinatus; stabilizes shoulder joint |
| rotator cuff | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
| teres major | extends, medially rotates, adducts humerus; synergist of latissimus dorsi |
| coracobrachialis | flexion and adduction of humerus; synergist of pectoralis major |