| Term | Definition |
|---|
| AML | most common of leukemias, median age is 68yrs, usually of older individuals, though may see in younger |
| risk factors for AML | radiation, benzene, alkylating agents, cytotoxic drugs, eg doxorubucin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide drugs |
| secondary leukemias | myelodysplastic syndromes (refractory anemia with excess blasts), myeloproliferative disorders |
| inherited conditions that predispose to leukemia | Kostmann syndrome(agranulocytosis), diamond-blackfan syndrome (red cell aplasia), congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, down syndrome, fanconi anemia, neurofibromatosis |
| diagnostic evaluation of leukemia | complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, coagulation profile, lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid panel, bone marrow aspirate biopsy |
| AML treatment | chemotherapy(anthracycline, cytarabine), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in intermediate cases |
| acute lymphoid leukemia | see typically in children; b-cell disease better prognosis than T-cell (opposite in adults), has risk of CNS involvement; needs multiple drug therapy |
| auer rods | stacks of lysosomes fused together appear in AML, refractory anemia with excess blasts; cytoplasmic staining |
| favorable translocation for curable leukemia | 15:17 involves retinoic acid receptor |
| core binding factor | transcription factor that aids in expression of AML genes; it's presence makes cells more sensitive to chemotherapy (translocation 8:21) |
| treatment of AML induction failure | mitoxanthrone or etoposide; consolidaiton therapy(high dose cytarabine), maintenance chemotherapy (all-trans retinoic acid) |
| peak age for ALL | 4yrs. seen b/n 1-9 yrs kids with hyperdiploidy and AML1 have better prognostics, t(12:21); have CNS involvement |
| treatment of ALL with L-asparaginase | Tumor cells, more specifically lymphatic tumor cells, require huge amounts of asparagines to keep up with their rapid, malignant growth;L-asparaginase is an enzyme that destroys asparagine external to the cell. Normal cells are able to make all the asparagine they need internally whereas tumor cells become depleted rapidly and die |
| L-asparaginase | methotrexate is contraindication for |
Combine with other sets
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