Chemistry 1
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Created by:
AlexandraW784 on September 7, 2012
Description:
This is the first section of chemistry; we are studying matter and water.
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 element | Substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
| energy | ability to do work |
| gas | atoms or molecules move quickly and are far apart |
| kinetic | the energy of movement |
| liquid | atommolecules slide past one another, slowethan a gas, faster than a solid |
| matter | Living things are made of |
| mixture | consists of more than one chemical substance |
| organic compound | Compounds that contain mainly the elements carbon and hydrogen |
| potential energy | the energy stored in an object due to its position |
| solid | state of matter in which atoms or molecules do not have enough energy to move |
| state of matter | The amount of energy in molecules of matter determines the |
| acid | pH of 0-7 |
| acidity | refers to the hydronium ion concentration of a solution |
| base | pH of 7-14 |
| hydrogen bond | Hydrogen bonds are bonds between molecules, and they are not as strong as bonds within molecules |
| ion | an electrically charged atom or molecule |
| neutralization | When an acid and base react, they form a neutral solution of water and a salt (a molecule composed of a positive and negative ion) |
| pH | measure of acidity |
| polarity | A difference in electrical charge between different parts of a molecule |
| solubility | The ability of a solute to dissolve in a particular solvent |
| solute | The dissolved substance in a solution |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances |
| solvent | The substance in which is it dissolved |
| activation energy | Regardless of whether reactions are exothermic or endothermic, they all need energy to get started. This energy is called... |
| chemical reaction | a process that changes some chemical substances into other chemical substances |
| endothermic reaction | Chemical reactions that consume energy |
| exothermic reaction | Chemical reactions that release energy |
| enzyme | A catalyst is a chemical that speeds up chemical reactions. In organisms, catalysts are called... |
| product | The substances that form as a result of a chemical reaction |
| reactant | The substances that start a chemical reaction. |
| amino acid | Proteins are made of smaller units. |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| cholesterol | The sterol cholesterol is an important part of cell membranes and plays other vital roles in the body. |
| complex carbohydrate | Polysaccharides are also |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | A type of nucleic acid. DNA is a double helix, |
| disaccharide | If two monosaccharides bond together, they form a carbohydrate |
| double helix | refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA |
| essential amino acid | These eight amino acids |
| essential fatty acid | Lipids are necessary in the diet for most of these functions. Although the human body can manufacture most of the lipids it needs, there are others, called |
| fatty acid | organic compounds that have the general formula CH3(CH2)nCOOH, where n usually ranges from 2 to 28 and is always an |
| functional group | Elements other than carbon and hydrogen usually occur within organic compounds in smaller groups of elements |
| lipid | organic compounds that contain mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| monosaccharide | general formula: (CH2O)n |
| nucleic acid | organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. |
| nucleotide | They are made of smaller units |
| peptide | Amino acids can bond together to form short chains |
| phospholipid | major component of the membranes surrounding the cells of all organisms. |
| polypeptide | Amino acids can bond together to form short chains called peptides or longer chains |
| polysaccharide | If more than two monosaccharides bond together, they form a carbohydrate |
| protein | organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some cases, sulfur. |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | type of nucleic acid. while RNA is a single strand. |
| saturated fatty acid | Saturated fatty acids include arachidic, stearic, and palmitic fatty acids |
| steroid | have several functions. The sterol cholesterol is an important part of cell membranes and plays other vital roles in the body |
| trans fatty acid | thesesynthetic lipids were commonly added to foods, until it was found that they increased the risk for certain health problems. |
| triglyceride | the main form of stored energy in animals. |
| unsaturated fatty acid | a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain |
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