| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | Linguistic RElativism is the worldview that culture is subtly conditioned by the structure of language |
| what is linguistic relativism | the worldview of a culture is subtly conditioned by the structure of its langauge |
| What did Whorf report about the Hopi | lacks the verbs for tense - either in manifest realm or unmanifest |
| What did Berlin & Kay discover | basic color terms, around 20 from different languages |
| what are the three basic color terms | black, white, red |
| what are the four basic color terms | black, white, red, yellow or green |
| what types of lexical borrowing can occur | loan words or calques (frozen translations where we borrow meaning) |
| what is an example of phonological borrowing | the ge in rouge, garage, measure |
| what does adstratal mean | peaceful combination of languages, like the English and Norse |
| what does superstratum mean | dominant culture rules the two |
| what does substratum mean | the less dominant culture |
| what does Bilingualism mean | occurs when speakers know both languages |
| what is langauge convergence | when adstratal languages are in extensive, long term contact |
| what is language shift | may occur when there is extensive, long term contact between superstrate and substrate langauges |
| what is a pidgin language | a language used in a trade situation |
| what are some properties of Pidgin languages | CV syllables, little inflection marking, small vocab, SVO word order |
| What is creole | a pidgin language that becomes the first language of a generation, like Haitian |
| what are characteristics of creole | they have tense-aspect-mood, that have svo word order |
| what levels of language change may occur | phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic |
| what are conditioned sound changes | sound change is because of the influence of neighboring sound |
| what are some types of conditioned sound changes | assimilation, dissimulation, deletion, insertion |
| What are unconditioned sound changes | every instance of the sound changes, no matter where it occurs in a word or what sounds are next to it |
| what are types of unconditioned sound changes | monophthongization, dipthongization, metathesis, raising/lowering, backing/fronting |
| What is assmiliation | one sound becomes more like the other (wulfas to wolves) |
| what is dissimilation | two similar sounds become less like one another (sxolio to skolio for school in greek) |
| what is deletion | deleting a sound in a word, like noza to noz (for nose) |
| what is insertion | adding a sound (in consonant clusters that are perceived to be difficult to pronounce) |
| what is monophthongization / dipthongization | change from dipthong to a simple vowel or simple vowel to dipthong |
| what is metathesis | change in order of two sounds, like ask to aks in ebonics |
| what is raising/lowering | changes in the height of the tongue |
| what is backing/fronting | cahnges in the tongue back to front |
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