Anatomy Lecture Exam 1
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94 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Levels of Organization from least to most complex | Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Organ System Organism |
| Relationship of liver to heart | Inferior |
| Relationship of heart to spine | Anterior or Ventral |
| Mid-sagittal plane | Divides the body into equal left and right halves. |
| What region is superior/lateral to the umbilical region | R/L hypochondriac regions |
| Body system that carries in O2 and releases CO2 from cells. Protects and maintains pH balance of body. | Cardiovascular system |
| The abdominal pelvic region that is superior to the right lumbar region | R hypochondriac region |
| Relationship of ears to tip of nose | Lateral / posterior |
| ATP | Storage of energy |
| Glycerol is the backbone molecule of | Triglycerides |
| The sugar found in RNA is | Ribose |
| In what nutrient do we find peptide bonds | Proteins |
| Brachial refers to | Arm |
| Enzymes are | Proteins |
| How is a sonogram produced | High frequency sound waves transmitted to a video monitor |
| The body is composed of: | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & Nitrogen 96% |
| Isotope | Different atoms of an element that have the same # of P and different # of N |
| Mass # of an atom | # P + # N |
| Nitrogenous base that replaces thymine in RNA | Uracil |
| Base pairing: | Adenine + thiamine Cytosine + guanine |
| Atomic # | = # of P |
| If you have an oxygen atom with 8 protons, 8 electrons, 8 neutrons; What is the atomic #? | # of P = 8 |
| An atom of O2; 8+, 8-, 8 would be arranged: | 2 E on first shell, 6 on outer shell |
| Microvilli & goblet cells are modifications of ______ | Simple columnar epithelial |
| End result of mitosis | Diploid cells |
| End result of meiosis | Cells have 23 chromosomes Sperm cells, oocytes Gametes |
| Covalent bond atoms are bonded by | Sharing of electrons |
| Organelle responsible for producing ATP | Mitochondria |
| During translation, the code carried by RNA is decoded into: | mRNA |
| The cell does not need to expend energy ATP in performing 2 things: | Facilitated diffusion Osmosis |
| Denaturing of protein causes | The lose of biological function |
| The waterproof stratified squamous epithelium is made resistant by | Keratin |
| Goblet cells produce: | Mucus |
| Fibroblasts are the typical cell of: | Dense CT |
| Microvilli will be on epitheilial tissue when the function is | Absorption |
| Epithelial tissue only covers and lines body cavities | True |
| Cilia are found: | Pseduostratisfied columnar |
| Function of microvilli | Increases surface area for diffusion |
| Most abundant tissue in body | Connective tissue |
| Lamina propera | CT layer of a mucous membrane |
| Which layer of the epidermis can you find reproducing cells? | Stratum basil |
| The basic tissue type who's function is particular to the form of its matrix | Connective tissue |
| The outer most layer of the epidermis is the ______. | Stratum corneum |
| The CT that prevents heat loss through the skin | Adipose tissue |
| What makes the matrix of the osseous tissue hard? | Calcium |
| Lacunae | End spaces in a bone where osteocytes are found |
| Membranes that have parietal and visceral portions are called _____. | Serous |
| Name the least common but most deadly of skin cancers | Malignant melanoma |
| When we say something has gone through the process of fibrosis | Scar formation |
| Function of melanin | Protection from UV light |
| Hair and nails are a modification of ____. | Epidermis cells |
| The eponychium is the _________? | Cuticle of the nail |
| Sweat glands | Sudoriferous |
| Ceruminous glands are located in the skin of the _____. | External auditory meatus - ear canal |
| Function of the langer hans cells in the skin | Provides immunity - participates in immune response |
| Function of the gallbladder | Stores and releases bile |
| The common bile duct is formed by the union of the _____ & _____. | Common hepatic and cystic ducts |
| Rugae | Folds in hollow organs ex- stomach |
| Most proximal portion of the small intestine | Duodenum |
| the liver is separated from the stomach and the duodenum by the | Lesser omentum |
| Parietal cells of the gastric mucosa secrete | Hydrochloric acid / intrinsic factor |
| Junction of the stomach and the duodenum | Pyloric sphincter |
| Saliva is produced by | Parotid glands |
| The large intestine mainly absorbs: | Water |
| Vessels in the correct order of blood flow: | Afferent artiole Glomerulus Efferent artiole Paratubular capillaries |
| Most of the nutrients we eat are absorbed in the | Small intestines |
| Haustra | Taenia coli pouches of the large intestine that allow expansion and elongation |
| Incisor teeth are specialized to | Cut food |
| Peristalsis | Contractions of the muscularis that result in waves of movement of food through the GI tract |
| Function of bile | Emulsifies fats and liquids |
| Where do we find glomeruli | Renal cortex |
| Correct order of fluid flow through the nephron regions: | Glomerular capsule, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT |
| Glomerular filtrate contains everything in blood except: | Cells and protiens |
| Renal pyramids are part of the | Renal medulla |
| Podocytes are cells specialized for filtration that are found _____. | Glomerular capsule |
| What are the intestines to the heart? | Inferior |
| The basic structurak and functional unit of an organism is the ______. | Cell |
| The anatomical term that means away from the head towards the lower part of the structure is ______. | Inferior |
| The level of structural organization that consists of several related organs that have a common function is the ______. | Organ system |
| ______ are structures that are composed of two or more different tissues, have specific functions, and usually have recognizable shapes. | Organs |
| What is the term referring to on the same side of the body? | Ipsilateral |
| Groups of cells and the substance surrounding them and they arise from common ancestor cells and work together to form a function comprise a _____. | Tissue |
| What is the condition called when the bodies internal environment remains within certain physiological limits? | Homeostasis |
| The bodies most abundant protein is collagen | True - 25 % |
| The mediastinum is located between the lungs and includes all the contents of the thoracic cavity except the lungs | True |
| Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a level of higher to lower concentration | True |
| Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the wall of the heart | True |
| Antidiuretic hormone causes the collecting ducts to become less permeable to water | False |
| Transcription is the process by which the genetic info found in DNA is copied onto mRNA | True |
| Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole | True |
| Epithelial | Protects, supports |
| Connective tissue | Binding, supporting, protecting |
| Muscular | Supports movement and heat |
| Nervous | Supports and nourishes the neurons |
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