AP World unit one
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Akkadian Empire | Began in 2350 BCE when Sargon - King of Akkad - began conquering Sumerian cities. The empire was the first to unite city-states under a single ruler and ruled for 200 years. |
| Amon-Re | Egyptian sun god |
| Amulets | special necklaces thought to protect from evil |
| Analects | a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples |
| Aryans | nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system |
| Assyrians | Descendants of the Akkadians who participated in warfare and trade in the region of Mesopotamia. Established an independent state around 1900 BCE. |
| Babylonians | extended their empire from mesopotamia; famous for Hammurabi's Law Code |
| Book of the Dead | special book in egyptian history used for funeral ceremonies. would be read to the dead and then buried with them |
| Book of Songs | a famous book of compiled anicient chinese poetry |
| cataracts | areas of water way that are to swift or rocky to allow boats to pass |
| chavin | (900-250 B.C.E) dominated peruvian costal plain and foothills of the Andes |
| city-state | a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside |
| civilization | a society in an advanced state of social development |
| confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society. |
| cosmopolitanism | the shared cultures and lifestyles that result are in regular contact |
| cultural diffusion | the spread of cultural elements from one society to another |
| cultural hearths | place of origin of a major culture |
| cuneiform | an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia |
| Dravidian | a large family of languages spoken in south and central India and Sri Lanka |
| dynasty, dynastic cycles | A family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | Fable recorded in Mesopotamia about the search for eternal life |
| Fertile Crescent | area strecthing from egypt aroun to the middle east where agriculture was thought to have originated |
| Hamurabi's code | The first written laws, which were used in Mesopotamia |
| Harrapa | A civilization along the Indus River estblished around 7,000 BCE. |
| Hatshepsut | Female Pharaoh that would refer to herself in male pretense and where a beard |
| Hittites | A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. They had wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces,. |
| Horus | King of the egyptian gods, often revered by pharaohs |
| hyksos | the people who invaded Egypt thus beginning the second Intermediate period during which the Hyksos ruled as pharaohs in Lower Egypt. |
| Isis | Egyptian god of the nile |
| labor systems | system of labor where people do special jobs |
| late bronze age | 1550-1200 bce. period where most advanced metal-working was bronze, a tin and copper alloy. |
| law code | written set of laws |
| Loess | fine, light silt deposited by wind and water. It constitutes the fertile soil of the Yellow River Valley in northern China. Because loess soil is not compacted, it is easily worked. |
| Ma'at | Egyptian term for the concept of divinely created and maintained order in the universe. |
| mandate of heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source |
| matrilineal | term for a family organization in which kinship ties are traced through the mother |
| menes | united the kingdoms of lower and upper Egypt and created first Egyptian dynasty |
| mesopotamia | first civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers;" Sumerian culture |
| minoans | earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000 B.C. |
| Mohenjo-Daro | Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system., One of the first settlements in India |
| monsoon rains | seasonal winds crossing the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia during the summertime that bring extreme rain and flooding |
| mycenaeans | civilization on the greek mainland that conquered the Minoans in Crete in about 1400 B.C. |
| Olmecs | (1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican civilization,lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and constructed public buildings and temples, carried on trade with other groups. |
| Oracle bones | animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future |
| papyrus | paper made from the papyrus plant by cutting it in strips and pressing it flat |
| patriarchy | a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line |
| pharaoh | the title of the ancient Egyptian kings |
| pictographs | pictures that stand for words or ideas; picture writing |
| rosetta stone | Stone that contained carved messages in hieroglyphics, Greek and demotic. Led to deciphering of hieroglyphics. |
| semitic | a major branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family |
| shaman | an ancient doctor, healer, or priest, they were called upon for religious ceremonies |
| shang dynasty | the imperial dynasty ruling China from about the 18th to the 12th centuries BC |
| shi | men of service |
| social mobility | the ability of individuals to change social status |
| sumerians | People who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions. |
| systems failure | a breakdown of the political, social, and economic systems supporting a civilization |
| theocracy | government controlled by religion |
| tribute | payment |
| vassals | lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity |
| Xia Dynasty | This was the earliest known chinese dynasty. There is no written evidence of this early time period, but artifacts have been found. |
| Zhao Dynasty | 1045-256 BC: longest lasting Chinese dynasty, king ruled with a bureaucracy, Dynastic Cycle/mandate of heaven etc. |
| Ziggurats | large multistory pyramids constructed with bricks and approached by ramps and stairs |
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