Chemistry terms ch1-2
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Matter | That which has mass and occupies space. |
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element that has the chemical properties of the element. |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms. |
| Pure substance | Made of only one type of matter. |
| Element | cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| Diatomic Element | An element that exists as two atoms. |
| Compound | Made of 2+ elements can be broken down by chemical means |
| Homogeneous Mixture | uniform composition throughout (toothpaste) |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | non-uniform composition throughout (rice krispies treats) |
| Physical Change | A change in state. (Like Density and specific heat) |
| Chemical Change | after a reaction you have a new substance. (create something new, color change, bubbles) |
| Vaporization | liquid to gas H2O(l)-> H2O(g) 100°C |
| Sublimation | solid to gas H2O(s)-> H2O(g) |
| Condensation | gas to liquid H2O(g)-> H2O(l) |
| Melting | solid to liquid, H2O(s)-> H2O(l) |
| Freezing | liquid to solid H2O(l)-> H2O(s) |
| Specific Heat | It is the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C (or 1K) |
| Endothermic reaction | (cold) absorb heat |
| Exothermic reaction | (hot) releases heat. |
| Density | mass/volume |
| Scientific Method | A method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses. |
| Liquid | does not have a fixed shape but has a fixed a volume. |
| Gas | has neither fixed shape nor volume. |
| Solid | Has a fixed shape and volume. |
| Metal Physical Properties | solid High melting points, high density, Malleable, Conductor, shiny |
| Nonmetal Physical Properties | gas/liquids low melting points, low density, not malleable, not shiny |
| Weighing the difference | difference between two weights, first of the empty container before and then the full |
| Water displacement | an object is immersed in a fluid raising the water level. Then a measurement is taken of the level to find the volume of a fluid. |
| Immiscible | incapable of mixing |
| Energy cannot be | created or destroyed |
| Kinetic energy | Stored energy |
| Potential energy | can be converted into kinetic energy |
| Heat | total energy of molecular motion in a substance |
| Temperature | is the measure of amount of heat contained within a object and doesn't depend on size. |
| The lowest specific heat will have | the highest temperature over time. |
| Vaporization | liquid to gas H2O(l)-> H2O(g) 100°C |
| Melting and freezing points are the | same 0°C |
| Intensive property: | a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present (temperature, or density) |
| Extensive property | a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample (mass) |
| Semi-metal | A chemical element that has properties of metals and nonmetals. It can be a conductor of heat and electricity. |
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