| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Old Immigrants | late 1800 immigrants from norther Europe were called. |
| New immigrants | immigrants from southern and eastern Europe |
| Steerage | an area below the ship's deck where steering mechanisms were located |
| Benevolent societies | aid societies that offered immigrants help in cases of sickness, unemployment or death |
| Tenements | poorly build overcrowed apartment buildings |
| Sweatshops | workplaces with long hours, hot and unhealth working conditions |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Act passed by congress banning Chinese people from immigrating to the US for 10 years |
| Mass transit | public transportation designed to move many people |
| suburbs | residential neighborhoods outside the downtown areas started before the Civil War |
| Mass culture | leisure and cultural activities shared by many people |
| Joseph Pulitzer | 1896 he added color comics to his New York World newspaper and more people started to buy it |
| William Randolph Hearst | publisher of New York Journal saw comics helped newspaper sales and added to his Journal |
| Department stores | giant retail shops appeared in cities and affected how people shop |
| Frederick Law Olmstead | a landscape architech who designed Central Park in NY, state and national parks including Prospect Park in Brooklyn and US Capitol grounds. He worked on between 1874-1895 |
| Jacob Riis | Journalist and photographer became famous for exposing horrible conditions in NY tenements |
| Settlement Houses | neighborhood centers in poor areas that offered education, recreation and social activities |
| Jane Addams | moved into a run-down building in a poor Chicago neighborhood and turned it into Hull House |
| Hull House | the most famous settlement house of the period which focused on immigrant families. Provided services in English, day care, cooking, sports, etc. |
| Florence Kelley | important reformer at Hull House. Visited sweatshops and wrote about the problems which lead to law limiting working hours for women and child labor. Became a chief factory inspector to enforce law |
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