Ap Euro Unit 3 exploration
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What was a product of the renaissance that led to exploration? | curiosity, desire for spices, trade, wanted specie |
| Why were spices important? | they were used to preserve food |
| what are specie? | coins made from gold or silver |
| What were causes of exploration? | god, gold and glory |
| Who was the country that began the age of exploration? | Portugal wanted to get to asia |
| What limited Portugal's ways to get to Asia? | couldn't go on foot because needed it to be faster, couldn't go through mediterranean because the turks were there |
| Who was Prince Henry? | A navigator from Portugal who opened navigation schools |
| Why did the Spanish want to explore? | wanted to claim land for God |
| Who was Columbus? | Explorer who discovered the Americas. He was sponsored by Spain after being turned down by Portugal. |
| What did the Spanish/Conquistadors do? | they conquered land and enslaved people by making them work on haciendas to grow sugar cane and they also had to find gold |
| Who controlled spain during the age of exploration? | Ferdinand and Isabella (Hapsburgs) |
| How did the Spanish monarchs reward the explorers? | they gave them land In New Spain (south america and Latin America) |
| What was the treaty of Tordesillas? | a treaty created by the Pope in 1494 that divided land using the line of demarcation between Portugal and Spain. (Portugal- east, Spain- west) |
| Who was in power during the treaty of tordesillas? | Alexander VI |
| What is an hacienda? | a huge ranch (in mexico or california) with land given by the rulers |
| What is an encomienda? | an economic system (that is feudal) (similar to caste system) |
| What is the class distinction in an encomienda? | pure spanards children of pure spanards mixed slaves |
| What is the colomibian exchange? | an exchange between the americas and europe (Columbus was 1st) |
| What was exchanged from the americas in the colombian exchange? | corn, potatoes and cocoa |
| What was exchanged from europe in the colombian exchange? | disease, cattle and horses |
| What was France's part in the age of exploration? | looked for nw passage sail into the st. lawrence seaway to the st. lawrence river to the great lakes |
| Did the french find the northwest passage? | no, so they created fur trade of beaver pelts with native americans |
| What areas did the French claim? | canada, the great lakes, the mississippi river valley (down to new orleans) |
| What did the british claim? | the 13 original colonies between new spain and france |
| What did the dutch claim? | New Amsterdam (new york) |
| What was the triangular trade? | Sugar from the Caribbean is sent to the americas to be distilled then sent to europe as rum then to africa to trade for slaves |
| Cabot | England- sailed to new england as far north as maine |
| Sir Francis Drake | england- first englishman to sail around the world, claimed san francisco |
| Verrazano | France- sailed to north america, found the new york harbor |
| Cartier | France- discovered st.lawerence and was the base of te french claim of canada |
| champlain | france- discovered georgia bay and established quebec |
| Amerigo Vespucci | italy- discovered geo of america, america named after him |
| Diaz | Portugal- sailed around the southern tip of Africa |
| Cabral | Portugal- claimed Brazil for Portugal, originally named vericruz |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Portugal- established navigation school in Portugal to train explorers |
| Cortes | Spain- explored central america, found and conquered aztecs |
| Magellan | Spain- sailed around south america to the indonesian spice islands, which he names the philippines, circumnavigates the globe |
| Pizarro | Spain- explored peru and conquered the incas |
| Ponce de leon | spain- claimed florida for spain, founded st. augustine |
| Columbus | spain-credited with discovering the americas |
| balboa | spain- discovered the pacific ocean |
| de gama | portugal- founded cape of good hope, established goa and reached india |
| Romanovs | russian leaders |
| why did russia want to expand? | warm water ports for trading |
| What strategy did leaders use to gain power? | they went to the middle class for support by giving them jobs or titles (military, church) and decreased the power of the nobles |
| The majority of the people in russia were | poor peasants |
| Who was Ivan III? | Ivan the great 1st ruler of Russia during the dynastic time period that anted to expand north west and west |
| What happened in 1453 in terms of constantinople? | the fall of constantinople which led to the relocation of the russian/eastern orthodox church |
| Why did Ivan III and Sophia of Byzantium marry? | to add culture to Russia |
| Who was Ivan the terrible? | the 2nd ruler of Russia during that period, burned nobles who disagreed with him, expanded the military |
| Who was the 1st king of Poland/Lithuania? | Casimar combined with Vladislov to add to HRE and keep out turks |
| Vladislov | bohemia and hungary |
| What are Isabella and Ferdinand known for? | their marriage, spanish inquisition (converted to christianity or died, mors->moriscos, jews ->moranos) |
| Who succeeded Isabella and Ferdinand? | their daughter Catherine was married to Arthur of the tudor family to unite england and spain against france |
| What was the result of the battle of bosworth? | The lancasters beat the yorks, Henry VI (tudor) became the ruler and married Richard's daughter elizabeth to unite kingdom |
| What happened to arthur? | son of Henry and Elizabeth, he married Catherine of Aragon to unite against France but he died so his brother Henry VIII married catherine but wanted a divorce because he couldn't have a son |
| What was the magna carta? | edict that created Parliment |
| Privy Council | council of advisors to the king |
| Why would the parliment have to meet? | the king was the only one who could call a meeting so probably after he got out of battle and need money |
| What is the difference between the house of lords and the house of commoners? | the reps of the house of lords were nobles not middle class |
| what was parliment? | legislative body that makes laws for england |
| Louis XI | spider king who pieced together fragments of France |
| Charles VIII | (valois) created estates general |
| estates general | 3 estates that elect the reps for the estates general 1. 1st estate (church )bc very catholic), pay tithe) 2. 2nd estate 3. 3rd estate |
| What was the only estate that could be taxed? | the 3rd |
| Taille | property tax |
| gahelle | salt tax |
| aide | bread and wine tax |
| Francis I | the 3rd ruler of France after Charles VIII |
| Why did France attack Italy during the 1st part of the Italian Wars? | to save the pope in rome, attack florence to force out medici, conquer Naples |
| What happened during the 1st part of the Italian wars? | Spain attacked the French (pope) for the italian city states and because it wanted Naples, HRE joined against the French which made the French lose |
| What happened during the 2nd part of Italian Wars? | France and Spain fought over possessions in Italy (starts when France break treaty of madrid), Great Britain, Turks, Pope and French against Spanish and HRE |
| Who won 2nd part of italian wars? | Spain- get rome and pope |
| What is the treaty of Madrid? | Spain gets Burgundy and Naples, Francis I of france and Eleanor of portugal marry, Spain hold Francis's sons hostage |
| What is the treaty of Casteau-Cambresis? | 1559- signed in France, French renounce claims to any land Italy (all goes to France except pope lands) |
| What happens in the Hapsburg Family? | Ferdinand+Isabella ->Catherine of Aragon+Arthur then Catherine+Henry , Joanna de loco + Philip the handsome ->Charles I |
| What happens in the Valois Family? | Louis XI->Charles VIII -> Francis I |
| Tudor family | Henry VII -> Henry VIII |
| Who was picked as HRE out of the 3 family? | Charles I because of Jacob Fugger |
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