Ap Psychology Chapter 1
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Psychology | The scientific study of mental processes and behavior |
| Scientific Method | A form of scientific study in which the scientist observes and collects data in great detail, creates predictions based of said data, and then tests each individual aspect of his predictions tin pursuit of the truth. |
| Theory | A prediction based on basic principles. |
| Hypotheses | A prediction based on a limited set of data. |
| Gestalt Psychology | Psychology that focuses on human perceptions of objects in wholes and patterns (Gestalt being the German root word for whole) |
| Humanistic Psychology | Focuses on positive human emotions |
| Cognitive Psychology | Includes thoughts, feelings, and emotions under human behaviors that were previously thought to be impossible to analyze with the scientific method. |
| Evolutionary Psychology | Studies the origins of the most basic thought processes, and how they were developed. |
| Positive Psychology | Rather than the treatment and study of mental disorders, positive psychology focuses on the things that make a person feel happy and mentally fulfilled. |
| Ethnicity | The fact that you belong to a specific racial or cultural group. |
| Culture | Common traditions and aspects shared by groups with a common race, ethnicity, or location. |
| Cross-Cultural Research | Research that studies the effects of race, ethnicity, and culture on the human psyche. |
| Structuralism | The study of psychology by breaking it down into thoughts, feelings, and emotions. |
| Functionalist Theory | Theory that states humans have the abilitie to utilize their perceptual abilities to adapt based on experiences. |
| Psychodynamic Theories | Freuds theories that stated that humans are constantly being influenced by primal instincts that are not consciously detected. |
| Behaviorism | The psychological study of measurable human behavior. |
| Gender | Think about gender roles, stereotypes, and physiological factors (hormones and whatnot) |
| Feminist Theory | Revolves around the roles of men and women and the various pros, cons, and psychological effects of these differences. |
| Sexual Orientation | If you don't know this you're dumb. |
| Race | Physical and mental factors that come into play between subspecies. |
| Naturalistic Observation | A form of observation that takes place in the subjects habitat. Provides very real data, but with limited control |
| Observer Bias | Tendency of observers to ,"see what they expect to see" |
| Case Study | A detailed analysis of an individual group of people from a social or psychological standpoint |
| Survey Research | Measurement of public or a specific groups opinion through the use of surveys or tests |
| Correlational Research | Tests the individual or group for a specific skill or trait by comparing their scores from an accommodating test to an individual who possesses said trait's test score. |
| Experimental Method | The use of controlled methods or tests to test specific variables in a hypotheses. |
| Participants | The subjects involved in a test or study. |
| Independent Variable | The experimental variable whose effect is being studied |
| Dependent Variable | The variable that will respond to manipulation of the independent variable. |
| Experimental Group | The group that is exposed to treatment or change in an experiment. |
| Control Group | The group that is used as a baseline for an experiment. |
| Experimenter Bias | Expectations of those administering the test that may skew the results. |
| Sample | Subset of a larger group used to conduct more manageable experiments. |
| Random Sample | Sample in which every subset of the population may be selected from study |
| Representative Sample | The population is divided into subsets, and a sample is taken from each subset for study. |
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