| Term | Definition |
|---|
| affects other organisms (esp. primary producers) | Seven negative effects of UV radiation: 1) it is a mutagen; 2) skin cancer; 3) causes cataracts (blindness); 4)________; 5) increases photochemical smog; 6) suppresses the immune system; 7) degrades plastics and other materials |
| albedo | How reflective a surface is. |
| breaking the bank | Seven potential effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth: 1) spread of tropical diseases; 2) raising the sea level; 3) disruption of ecosystems; 4) increased desertification; 5) loss of water supply by ice melt; 6) reduction of some crop yields; 7) _______. |
| canned air | Five uses of CFCs: 1) coolant in AC units; 2) _______; 3) propellant in cans and fire extinguishers; 4) styrofoam; 5) fumigant. |
| catalyst | What is the role of chlorine in the reaction that breaks the molecule ozone apart? |
| 100,000 | How many ozone molecules can a single CFC molecule destroy? |
| causes cataracts (blindness) | Seven negative effects of UV radiation: 1) _______; 2) it is a mutagen; 3) suppresses the immune system; 4) skin cancer; 5) increases photochemical smog; 6) affects other organisms (esp. primary producers); 7) degrades plastics and other materials |
| CFC-12 | 6 main greenhouse gasses: ______ and nitrous oxide, CO2, methane, sulfur hexafluoride, CFC-11 |
| 20 | Percent of world greenhouse gases releases contributed by the USA |
| cheap | Seven CFC properties: 1)_______; 2) easy to produce; 3) non-toxic; 4) non-corrosive; 5) non-flammable; 6) odorless; 7) very stable (in the troposphere) |
| chlorine | What does a CFC molecule release when it breaks down? |
| CO2 | 6 main greenhouse gasses: ______ and nitrous oxide, methane, CFC-12, sulfur hexafluoride, CFC-11 |
| carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide | Three greenhouse gases that are released from burning fossil fuels (in alphabetical order) |
| coolant in AC units | Five uses of CFCs: 1) _______; 2) propellant in cans and fire extinguishers; 3) canned air; 4) fumigant; 5) styrofoam. |
| 10 | Number of degrees of difference in average temperature between glacial periods and interglacial periods. |
| degrades plastics and other materials | Seven negative effects of UV radiation: 1) affects other organisms (esp. primary producers); 2) causes cataracts (blindness); 3)_______; 4) suppresses the immune system; 5) it is a mutagen; 6) increases photochemical smog; 7) skin cancer |
| disruption of ecosystems | Seven potential effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth: 1) _______; 2) spread of tropical diseases; 3) reduction of some crop yields; 4) increased desertification; 5) loss of water supply by ice melt; 6) raising the sea level; 7) breaking the bank. |
| 0 | Percentage of peer-reviewed journal articles published over the last few years that indicate that global warming was NOT (at least partially) the result of human activity. |
| easy to produce | Seven CFC properties: 1) cheap; 2) _______; 3) non-toxic; 4) non-corrosive; 5) non-flammable; 6) odorless; 7) very stable (in the troposphere) |
| feedback loops | Temperatures rise, ice melts, exposing lower albedo surface, heat is absorbed; small corals die, release CO2, increases the temperature, kills more coral |
| fumigant | Five uses of CFCs: 1) propellant in cans and fire extinguishers; 2) canned air; 3) _______; 4) coolant in AC units; 5). coolant in AC units |
| 95 | Average percentage of UV radiation blocked by the ozone layer |
| greenhouse effect | Heating of a planet's atmosphere that occurs when outgoing infra-red radiation is trapped by certain gases. |
| HFC and PFC | Greenhouse gases that are most heat absorbent. |
| high | Albedo of a surface that reflects a large amount of incoming radiation. |
| increased desertification | Seven potential effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth: 1) disruption of ecosystems; 2) reduction of some crop yields; 3) spread of tropical diseases; 4) breaking the bank; 5) _______; 6) loss of water supply by ice melt; 7) raising the sea level. |
| 20 feet | Height that the sea level would rise if the icecap on Greenland was to melt. |
| infrared radiation | What does CO2 in the atmosphere absorb? |
| it is a mutagen | Seven negative effects of UV radiation: 1)_______; 2) causes cataracts (blindness); 3) skin cancer; 4) suppresses the immune system; 5) affects other organisms (esp. primary producers); 6) degrades plastics and other materials; 7) increases photochemical smog |
| increases photochemical smog | Seven negative effects of UV radiation: 1) it is a mutagen; 2) degrades plastics and other materials; 3) affects other organisms (esp. primary producers); 4) suppresses the immune system; 5) skin cancer; 6) causes cataracts (blindness); 7) _______ |
| Kyoto Protocol | Treaty/protocol that deals with reducing the production of greenhouse gases. |
| loss of water supply by ice melt | Seven potential effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth: 1) reduction of some crop yields; 2) spread of tropical diseases; 3) _______; 4) disruption of ecosystems; 5) increased desertification; 6) raising the sea level; 7) breaking the bank. |
| low | Albedo of a surface that absorbs a large amount of radiation. |
| methane | 6 main greenhouse gasses: ______ and CO2, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, CFC-12, CFC-11 |
| CFC-11 | 6 main greenhouse gasses: ______ and CO2, nitrous oxide, methane, sulfur hexafluoride, CFC-12 |
| Milankovitch cycles | Changes in the shape earth's orbit and tilt that cause glacial periods and interglacial periods. |
| Montreal Protocol | Treaty/protocol that deals with stopping the production of ozone depleting chemicals |
| nitrous oxide | 6 main greenhouse gasses: ______ and sulfur hexafluoride, CO2, methane, CFC-12, CFC-11 |
| non-corrosive | Seven CFC properties: 1) cheap; 2) easy to produce; 3) non-toxic; 4) _______; 5) non-flammable; 6) odorless; 7) very stable (in the troposphere) |
| UV radiation | What breaks down CFCs? |
| chlorine | Element in CFC that can destroy upper atmospheric ozone molecules. |
| non-flammable | Seven CFC properties: 1) cheap; 2) easy to produce; 3) non-toxic; 4) non-corrosive; 5) _______; 6) odorless; 7) very stable (in the troposphere) |
| non-toxic | Seven CFC properties: 1) cheap; 2) easy to produce; 3) _______; 4) non-corrosive; 5) non-flammable; 6) odorless; 7) very stable (in the troposphere) |
| O3 | chemical formula of ozone |
| oceans | Sinks that absorb billions of tons of carbon in the form of CO2 each year: 1) phytoplankton; 2) soils; 3) _______; 4) vegetation; 5) reefs |
| odorless | Seven CFC properties: 1) cheap; 2) easy to produce; 3) non-toxic; 4) non-corrosive; 5) non-flammable; 6) _______; 7) very stable (in the troposphere) |
| CO2 | The main greenhouse gas that is released into the atmosphere when solid wastes, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal), or wood are burned |
| 1987 | Year the "Montreal Protocol on Substances Depleting the Ozone Layer" was developed. |
| ozone depleting chemicals | What does the Montreal protocol attempt to limit? |
| 300 feet | Size of the height of current sea level above glacial periods. |
| phytoplankton | Five sinks that absorb billions of tons of carbon in the form of CO2 each year: 1) _______; 2) soils; 3) oceans; 4) vegetation; 5) reefs. |
| primary chlorofluorocarbons | Category of chemicals responsible for destroying the ozone layer. |
| methane | Greenhouse gas that is released into the atmosphere when coal is mined, when fossil fuels are burned, when we drill for oil, by anaerobic bacteria in swamps, by landfill, by ruminant livestock |
| propellant in cans and fire extinguishers | Five uses of CFCs: 1) coolant in AC units; 2) fumigant; 3) canned air; 4) _______; 5) styrofoam. |
| 70 billion tons | Quantity of methane trapped in frozen permafrost peat bogs of Siberia |
| raising the sea level | Seven potential effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth: 1) reduction of some crop yields; 2) spread of tropical diseases; 3) breaking the bank; 4) increased desertification; 5) disruption of ecosystems; 6) _______; 7) loss of water supply by ice melt. |
| UV radiation | What does the ozone layer absorb? |
| reactive and unstable | Important characteristics of ozone that makes it vulnerable to CFCs |
| reduction of some crop yields | Seven potential effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth: 1) increased desertification; 2) spread of tropical diseases; 3) _______; 4) breaking the bank; 5) loss of water supply by ice melt; 6) raising the sea level; 7) disruption of ecosystems. |
| reefs | Sinks that absorb billions of tons of carbon in the form of CO2 each year: 1) phytoplankton; 2) soils; 3) oceans; 4) vegetation; 5) _______ |
| 400 | How many years can a single CFC molecule persist? |
| sample air bubbles trapped in ancient ice | How do scientists determine what CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere were like thousands of years ago? |
| sink | A reservoir that uptakes a chemical element or compound from another part of its cycle. |
| skin cancer | Seven negative effects of UV radiation: 1) suppresses the immune system; 2) increases photochemical smog; 3) affects other organisms (esp. primary producers); 4) it is a mutagen; 5)_______; 6) degrades plastics and other materials; 7) causes cataracts (blindness) |
| soils | Sinks that absorb billions of tons of carbon in the form of CO2 each year: 1) phytoplankton; 2) _______; 3) oceans; 4) vegetation; 5) reefs |
| spread of tropical diseases | Seven potential effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth: 1) raising the sea level; 2) _______; 3) disruption of ecosystems; 4) increased desertification; 5) loss of water supply by ice melt; 6) reduction of some crop yields; 7) breaking the bank. |
| stratosphere | Layer of atmosphere above the troposphere. Starts at 6 mi. |
| 200 feet | Height of sea level above current levels if all the glaciers and ice sheets were to melt. |
| stratosphere | In which layer of the atmosphere is the protective ozone layer found? |
| coolant in AC units | Five uses of CFCs: 1) styrofoam; 2) propellant in cans and fire extinguishers; 3) canned air; 4) fumigant; 5) _______. |
| sulfur hexafluoride | 6 main greenhouse gasses: ______ and methane, nitrous oxide, CFC-12, CO2, CFC-11 |
| suppresses the immune system | Seven negative effects of UV radiation: 1) skin cancer; 2)_______; 3) it is a mutagen; 4) causes cataracts (blindness); 5) increases photochemical smog; 6) degrades plastics and other materials; 7) affects other organisms (esp. primary producers) |
| Thinner | Important characteristic of the ozone layer at the poles. |
| troposphere | The bottom layer of the atmosphere. 6 miles high |
| reactive and unstable | Two important characteristics of ozone that makes it vulnerable to CFCs. |
| UV radiation | What creates ozone when sun reacts with normal oxygen |
| 500 feet | Size of the fluctuation in sea levels between interglacial periods and glacial periods. |
| vegetation | Sinks that absorb billions of tons of carbon in the form of CO2 each year: 1) phytoplankton; 2) soils; 3) oceans; 4) _______; 5) reefs |
| very stable (in the troposphere) | Seven CFC properties: 1) cheap; 2) easy to produce; 3) non-toxic; 4) non-corrosive; 5) non-flammable; 6) odorless; 7) _______ |
| 2100 | What year do they estimate ozone levels will be restored to normal? |
| reduce emissions of greenhouse gases | How Kyoto Protocol works: countries agree to 1)_______; 2) by 5.2% below 1990 levels; 3) including removal from carbon sinks, 4) introduce trading in carbon credits. |
| by 5.2% below 1990 levels | How Kyoto Protocol works: countries agree to 1) reduce emissions of greenhouse gases; 2) _______; 3) including removal from carbon sinks, 4) introduce trading in carbon credits. |
| including removal from carbon sinks | How Kyoto Protocol works: countries agree to 1) reduce emissions of greenhouse gases; 2) by 5.2% below 1990 levels; 3) _______, 4) introduce trading in carbon credits. |
| introduce trading in carbon credits | How Kyoto Protocol works: countries agree to 1) reduce emissions of greenhouse gases; 2) by 5.2% below 1990 levels; 3) including removal from carbon sinks, 4) _______. |
| water vapor | Weak greenhouse gas |
| 10 | Maximum temperature that scientists predict the earth's average temperature will rise in the next 100 years. |
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