| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Covert Prestige | exists among members of non-standard speech communities that defines how people should speak in order to be considered members of those particular communities |
| Isogloss | line drawn on a dialect map marking the boundary of an area where a particular linguistic feature is found |
| Speech Community | group of people speaking the same dialect, usually defined by factors such as geographical distribution, age, gender, and socioeconomic status |
| Jargon | Speech usually associated with or used within a particular occupation, hobby, or sport |
| Overt Prestige | attached to a particular variety of language by the community at large that defines how people should speak in order to gain status in the wider community |
| Hypercorrection | The act of producing nonstandard forms by way of false analogy to standard forms |
| Standard Language | variety of a language used by political leaders, the media, and speakers of higher socioeconomic class, taught in school and associated with prestige |
| Dialect | Variety of language defined by both geographical factors and social factors such as class, religion, and ethnicity |
| Communicative Isolation | Situation in which a group of speakers forms a coherent speech community relatively isolated from speakers outside that community |
| Register | Way of speaking marked by degree of formality |
| Style Shifting | process of automatically adjusting from one speech style to another |
| Factors of Formatlity | Topic, setting, participants |
| Borrowing | process by which one language adopts words, phrases, or grammatical structures from another language |
| Loanword | word borrowed from one language into another |
| 5 factors that determine Intensity of Contact | Socioecononomic Dominance, Duration of Contact, Degree of Bilingualism, Linguistic Constraints, Speaker's Attitude |
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