| Term | Definition |
|---|
| penicillins used today | penicillin G and penicillin V |
| natural penicillins against gram _ bacteria | + |
| beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins mechanism and disadvantage | bulky lipophilic R group, but cannot pass through porins in gram- bacteria |
| penicillin mechanism (protein involved, activity) | penicillin-binding proteins, transpeptidase activity (crosslink peptidoglycans surface) |
| penicillin adverse effects (hypersensitivity, Ig?) | IgE, urticaria (aka hives), skin rashes, anaphylactic shock |
| penicillin skin test | intradermally: erythema if allergic. Be ready with epinephrine |
| penicillin and gut bacteria and disease caused | c difficile, pseudomembranous colitis |
| dicloxacillin, naficillin, oxacillin (and common bacteria resistant to them) | beta-lactamase resistant penicillin (MRSA) |
| amoxicillin (type of penicillin) | aminopenicillin |
| otitis media treatment | amoxicillin + clavulanate |
| clavulanate | beta-lactamase inhibitor |
| ampicillin (type of penicillin) | aminopenicillin |
| sulbactam | beta-lactamase inhibitor |
| piperacillin and ticarcillin | antipseudomonal penicillin |
| antipseudomonal penicillin | with beta-lactamase inhibitors, treats pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic, gram-negative bacilli |
| tazobactam | beta-lactamase inhibitors |
| cephalosporins (structure, advantage over penicillin) | beta-lactam and dihydrothiazine ring, has two R groups giving gram-negative and beta-latamase activity |
| cephalosporins excretion (exception) | renal tubulule (exception is ceftriaxone in bile) |
| cefazolin (main use) | Cephalosporin (surgical prophylaxis) |
| cephalosporin secretion inhibitor | probenecid |
| cephalosporins primarily against | gram-positive cocci |
| cephalosporins are used with/without beta-lactamase inhibitors | without |
| cefprozil (administered __, main use) | cephalosporin (orally, otitis media) |
| cefotaxime or ceftriaxone (main use - 2) | cephalosporin (meningitis, gonorrhea) |
| ceftazidime (activity against) | cephalosporin (pseudomonas aeruginosa) |
| vancomycin mechanism (compare to beta-lactam) | inhibits crosslinking of peptidoglycan (NOT like beta-latam ring) |
| vancomycin advantage over beta-lactam | does not bind directly to PBPs |
| vancomycin administration (side use) | IV (orally absorbed for intestinal infections) |
| vancomycin adverse effects | red man syndrome, enhances nephrotoxicity of other antibiotics |
| vancomycin generally used against gram | positive |
| vancomycin has NO activity against gram __ (why?) | negative (cannot pass through porin) |
| vancomycin mainly used against which bug | MRSA |
| penicillins are synergestic with | aminoglycosides |
| clavulanate with __ | amoxicillin |
| sulbactam with __ | ampicillin |
| tazobactam with ___ | piperacillin |
| bacteriostatic | enough dose to stop growth, not wiping |
| cephalosporin excreted in __ (except for __ which is ___) | renal (ceftriaxone biliary) |
| vancomycin | irreversibly binds peptidoglycan precursor |
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