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Mechanical Ocuurs when physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock's mineral composition Frost wedging the mechanical break up of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in craks and crevices Unloading reduces pressure on igneous rock Biological activity The activity of organism breaks rocks Regolith th elayer or rock and mineral fragmnets that covers most of the earth's land surface Soil the part of the regolith that supports the gwoth of palnts Soil Horizon zones or layes of the soil Soil profile a vertical thought all the soil horizontal Mass movement the transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity Rock fall rock or rock fragments fall freely thought the air Rock slide a block of material moves suddenly along a flat inclined surface Creep Freezing water liftes particles to the slopw and thawing allows the particles to fall back to a lower level