| Term | Definition |
| claim (v) | demand something as rightful or due |
| settle (v) | take up residence and become established |
| colony | a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country |
| trade (n) | the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services |
| merchant | someone who buys and sells goods for a living |
| natural resources | resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature |
| assembly | a group of persons gathered together for a common purpose |
| territory | an area of land |
| defeat (v) | to win a victory over (someone or something) in a war, contest, game, etc. |
| stamp (n) | a small piece of paper that is attached to something and that shows that a tax or fee has been paid |
| protest (v) | to show or express strong disagreement with or disapproval of something |
| representation | the right of being representated by delegates who have a voice in some legislative body |
| taxation | the practice of requiring people to pay taxes to support a government |
| consent | permission to do something |
| boycott (n) | refusal to buy or sell certain products or services |
| resent (v), resentment (n) | to be angry or upset about (someone or something that you think is unfair) |
| surround (v) | to move close to (someone or something) on all sides often in order to force someone to give up |
| wound (v) | to injure (someone or something) by cutting or breaking the skin |
| massacre (n) | the violent killing of many people |
| repeal (v) | cancel officially |
| disguise (v) | to change the usual appearance, sound, taste, etc., of (someone or something) so that people will not recognize that person or thing |
| unruly | disobedient; lawless; difficult to control |
| military occupation | a situation in which the military of a foreign government goes into an area or country and takes control of it |
| restore (v) | to put or bring (something) back into existence or use |
| troops | soldiers |
| port (n) | harbor; place where ships enter and leave |
| independent (adj), independence (n) | not dependent; not controlled or ruled by another country |
| revolution | the overthrow of a government by those who are governed |