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education the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values schooling formal instruction under the direction of specially trained teachers tracking assigning students to different types of educational programs functional illiteracy a lack of the reading and writing skills needed for everyday living medicine the social institution that focuses on fighting and improving health health a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being social epidermiology the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population eating disorder an intense form of dieting or other unhealthy method of weight control driven by the desire to be very thin euthanasia assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease; also known as mercy killing holistic medicine an approach to health care that emphasizes the prevention of illness and takes into account a person's entire physical and social environment socialized medicine a medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and empolys most physicians direct-free system a medical care system in which patients pay directly for the services of physicians and hospitals health maintenance organization (HMO) an organization that provides comprehensice medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee sick role patterns of behavior for people who are ill