| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Solid | A state of matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape. |
| Crystalline solid | A substance that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular repeating pattern. |
| Amorphous solid | A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern. |
| Liquid | A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume. |
| Fluid | Any substance that can flow. |
| Viscosity | The resistance of a liquid to flowing. |
| Gas | A state of matter with no definite shape or volume. |
| Temperature | A measure of the average energy of the particles of a substance. |
| Pressure | The force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface. |
| Boyle’s law | The relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas; when volume increases, pressure decreases |
| Charles’s law | The relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas; when temperature increases volume increases. |
| Graph | A diagram that shows how two variables are related. |
| Directly proportional | A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph is a straight line passing through the point (0,0). |
| Vary inversely | A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph forms a curve that slopes downward. |
| Thermal energy | The total energy of a substance’s particles due to their movement or vibration. |
| Chemical energy | form of energy that comes from chemical bonds. |
| Law of conservation of energy | The principle that the total amount of energy remains the same during physical or chemical change. |
| Melting | The change in state from a solid to a liquid. |
| Freezing | The change in state from a liquid to a solid. |
| Vaporization | The change of state from a liquid to gas. |
| Evaporation | The process that occurs when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid. |
| Boiling | The process that occurs when vaporization takes place inside a liquid as well as on the surface. |
| Condensation | The change of state from a gas to a liquid. |
| Sublimation | The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state. |
| Chemical reaction | A process in which substances undergo chemical changes, forming new substances with different properties. |
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