| Term | Definition |
|---|
| put the stars in order from biggest to smallest: blue star, red giant, white star, red orange | red giant, red orange, yellow, white, blue |
| stage one of the life cycle of a star | nebula is dust and gas floating in space. |
| stage two of the life cycle of a star | protostar- gravity pulls the particles of hydrogen and dust together forming a cloud. |
| stage three of the life cycle of a star | as the hydrogen and dust heat up from banging into each other, it creates nuclear reactions. this is the beginning of a red giant star. |
| list the steps of a star dying | stage 1: Through time, the hydrogen changes to helium, the temperature increases, and temporarily, the star increases in size. then the outer layers of the star blow away leaving a white, blue, dwarf star, which is very dense and hot. stage 2: as time progresses, the temperature cools down, leaving a planet-like mass. sometimes the outer layers of larger stars explode and the inner ones implode leaving either a neutron star or a black hole. |
| name the three kinds of galaxies and describe them briefly. | spiral, irregular, eliptical. a spiral galaxy is shaped like a pinwheel. a eliptical galaxy is oval shaped. an irregular galaxy has no particular shape. |
| orbit | the path that an object takes when revolving around another object. |
| revolution | the movement of an object around another object. the earth revolves around the sun. one complete revolution takes 365 and 1/4 days. (one year) |
| rotation | the earth spins on its axis. (rotates on its axis) one complete rotation takes 24 hours. |
| angle of insulation | the angle at which the sun's rays strike earth, the smaller the angle of insulation, the more direct the rays of the sun and the warmer the temperature. during the winter months in the northern hemisphere, we are tilted away from the sun. therefore, we recieve the indirect rays of the sun so our temperatures are cooler. |
| Eclipses- tell what a solar eclipse is and what a lunar eclipse is. | a solar eclipse is when the moon gets in front of the sun and casts its shadow on the part of earth it is above. a lunar eclipse is when the earth comes between the suns rays and the moon. |
| define tides and tell how they work. | the rise and fall of water every 12.5 hours. The moon's gravitational pull pulls the earth a tiny bit toward it. the part directly across from it pulls as wel, causing high tide in those 2 places. the part that isn't getting pulled is stretched out and as a result gets low tide. |
| what are the colors of the spectrum? | red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet |
| what is a spectroscope? | an instrument used to determine a star's movement |
| what year did Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon and what ship was he in? | it was in 1920, and it was on apollo 11 |
| what is a solstice? | two days of the year (June 21 and December 21) when the noon sun is directly overhead |
| what is an equinox? | the two days of the year on which the sun's rays are vertical at the equater at 12 noon (vernal equinox=spring equinox=March 21 autumnal equinox=fall equinox=september 23 |
| what 2 forces keep the planets in orbit? describe them, name them and tell who discovered them. | Sir Isaac Newton discovered the two forces, and they are gravity and the centrifugal force. gravity pulls objects toward the center. centrifugal force pushes away. |
| What is the big bang theory? | the dominant theory of how the universe formed. the main idea of it is that a cosmic explosion happened and hurled all matter in all directions. slowly, galaxies were formed and are still moving apart today. |
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