| Term | Definition |
| LIncoln | served from 1861-1865, assassinated |
| Andrew Johnson | served from 1865-1869, was impeached, only southern senator to stay loyal to the union |
| Ulysses S Grant | served from 1869-1877, top union military hero, republican |
| Rutherford Birchard Hayes | served from 1877-1881, lost the popular vote, won election by one electoral vote |
| James A Garfield | served in 1881, assassinated |
| Chester alan arthur | served from 1881-1885, helped create civil service |
| Grover Cleveland | served from 1985-1889 and from 1893-1897, expanded civil service |
| William Mckinley | served from 1897-1901, led during spanish american war |
| Benjamin Harrison | served from 1889-1893, |