| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Name the three regions of the India subcontinent? | 1.) The northern plain 2.) The Deccan Plateau 3.) The Coastal Plain |
| What three rivers run through the Northern Plain? | Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra Rivers |
| The coastal plains lie along where? | The narrow eastern and western coasts of India |
| Name two major cities in the Indus River Valley? | Harappa and Mohenjo cities |
| First planned cities in history had what type of streets? | Had very wide streets |
| First planned cities in history had what types of city blocks? | Symmetrical city blocks |
| First planned cities in history had what type of sewer system? | extensive sewer systems |
| First planned cities in history built what type of fortresses? | Walled Fortresses |
| People were.......? (Religion) | Polytheistic |
| Economy was based on? | Agriculture and trade |
| In 1500 BC, Aryan invaders conquered the Indus River Valley by traveling through what? | The Khyber Pass (a pathway through the mountains) |
| The Aryans divided themselves into.....? | Tribes |
| Each tribe had a leader name......? | Rajah |
| Who helped Rajah's make decisions? | Councils |
| True/ False: Rajah was not worshiped as a god? | True |
| Dravidians? | Enemies of the Aryans |
| Spell the term that means Enemies of the Aryans? | DRAVIDIANS |
| Define: Vedas | Books of spells, prayers, hymns |
| Main god was who, and was known as? | Indra, the warrior God |
| Define: Upanishads | Oral teachings |
| Believed in what? | Reincarnation |
| Developed a written language called what? | Sanskrit |
| Most Aryans lived in ...... families? | extended families |
| What was the status of women as the Aryan civilization grew? | Women declined |
| The Aryan social scale had how many classes, and who was at the top of these classes? | 4 classes, with priests (Brahmans) at the top |
| The Aryan social scale developed into what? | The Caste System |
| What is largely based on the caste system? | Hinduism |
| Spell the Aryans Priest? | BRAHMANS |
| The Deccan Plateu suffers from many.....? What is very difficult? | Droughts, Farming is very difficult |
| The Deccan Plateau is bordered on both sides by the what? | Eastern and Western Ghats |
| What separates the Deccan Plateau from the northern plains? | Vindhya Mountains |
| What were two major Religions that helped influence early civilizations of southern Asia? | Hinduism and Buddhism |
| Hindus believe in what? | Brahman |
| Brahman means what? | Supreme force that unites everything |
| Define Brahma | Creator |
| Define Vishnu | Preserver |
| Define Shiva | Destroyer |
| Hindus believe that every individual has a soul called? | Atman |
| What is part of a larger, universal soul? | Atman |
| The goal of Hindus is what? | Is to free their soul from individualism and reunite it with the universal soul. |
| How long does freeing the soul from individual existence take? | Takes more than one lifetime |
| Hindus believe in the law of what? | Karma |
| Who creates the law Dogma? | Priests or Brahmans |
| Who was Siddhartha Gautama? | Was a wealthy warrior who set out to find the true cause of pain and suffering |
| Name the three things Sidhartha Guatama did when he went on his legendary quest? | A.) Gave away all his money B.) Left his Family C.) Subjected himself to pain and suffering |
| One day, Guatama changed his name to what? | Buddha |
| Name the Four Nobble Truths | 1.) Suffering and misery are universal 2.) Desire cause suffering and misery 3.) The way to end suffering to to overcome desire (Nirvana) 4.) To achieve Nirvana, Follow the "Middle Way" |
| What is the Middle Way? | Is a list of guidelines to be followed throughout life |
| List the four points of the "Middle Way" | 1.) They include virtuous deeds 2.) Proper Speech 3.) Knowledge 4.) Meditation |
| Who controlled India from about 321 BCE to 150 BCE? | The Maurya Empire |
| The Maurya Empire founder was? | Chandragupta |
| The Maurya Empire Capital City was? | Pataliputra |
| The Maurya Empire Divided empire into what? | Provinces which were headed by governors |
| The Maurya Empire built many what? | Roads |
| Who checked on the honesty of officials? | Spies |
| The Maurya Empire Traded with what cities? | Hellenistic cities of the west and China in the East |
| Who was the greatest of the Maurya Kings? | Asoka |
| Asoka Expanded the empire to it greatest what? | Greatest Size |
| What religion did Asoka become and why? | Became a Buddhist because he did not like hatred and killing |
| Asoka urged his people to do what? | Urged his people to live in peace |
| Asoka built many what? | Stupas |
| What empire came to power in 320 CE? | Gupta Empire |
| The Gupta Empire came to be known as? | The Golden Age |
| During the Gupta Empire, what religion became popular? | Hinduism |
| Who invaded and conquered the Gupta Empire in the late 400's? | The Huns |
| Science and technolgy flourished under what Empire? | The Gupta Empire |
| The Gupta Empire developed the concept of what? | Zero |
| The Decimal System came under what Empire? | The Gupta Empire |
| Under the Gupta Empire, medicines came from where? | Plants and Animals |
| Over time, what became very complex and restrictive? | The Caste System |
| Define Marriage in the Caste System | You could not marry outside your Caste |
| Define Meals in the Caste System | You could not eat with other Caste classes |
| What came to be in the Caste System? | An untouchable class developed |
| Under Hindu laws, the lives of women were? | Restricted |
| Women were to obey who? | Your Husband |
| Women had to pay what to the grooms family? | "Dowry" |
| What happened to Widows under Hindu Law? | Widows were ignored and lived in isolation |
| Under Hindu law, Polygram was very what? | common |
| Under Hindu Law, who were valued more: Sons or Daughters? | Sons |
| Indian art usually reflected what? | Religious Themes |
| Who was Kalidasa? | Was a brilliant Poet and Playwright |
| The most impressive Indian Works of art are found where? | Are found on caves walls at Ajanta |
| Indian Works usually resembled what? | Gods, animals, or pictures of Buddha |
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