| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What is an alimentary canal | one way passage through the body |
| What is the function of the digestive system | to convert food into simple molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body |
| Where does digestion begin | the mouth |
| What is the job of the teeth in digestion | Chewing of teeth tear/ crush moistened food into a fine paste |
| Name the three different types of teeth and their jobs | incisors-sharp, to cut through meat. Cuspids-grasp and tear food. Molars-large flat surface for grinding food |
| How are our teeth suited for our diets | Our teeth reflect a mixed diet of meats and plants |
| What is the function of saliva | moistens food and make it easier to chew |
| What is the function of the enzyme amylase in your saliva | to break down starches releasing sugars |
| What does saliva taste like | tastes sweet |
| What is a bolus | chewed up clump of food |
| Explain how food can be passed though your esophagus even if you are standing on your head | peristalsis |
| What is the role of mucus in the stomach | protects the stomach wall |
| What is the role of pepsin | breaks down proteins |
| What is chyme | mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting stomach muscles |
| Where is the duodenum and why is it so important | 1st part of S.I., site where digestive fluids are added and most of the chemical digestion occurs |
| Describe the 2 important functions of the pancreas | Produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; Produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. |
| Where is the bile produced | the liver |
| What does bile do during digestion | Dissolves and disperses droplets of fat |
| What is the role of the ileum and jejunum in the digestive system | absorbs food and nutrients |
| What is the function of villi in the digestive system | absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream |
| Why is the liver so important after nutrients are absorbed into the blood from the small intestine | it filters the blood |
| What is another name for the large intestine and what is its main function | colon:absorb water and eliminate waste |
| What is excretion | the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials. |
| What are the major organs of the excretory system | skin, the lungs, and the kidneys |
| What are the functions of the kidneys | to remove urea from the bloodstream, control the pH of the blood, and regulate the amount of water in the blood |
| What is urea and how is it produced | ammonia (NH3) which is a very toxic compound; Produced when the body breaks down proteins |
| What are the three main tubes that enter or leave the kidney | renal artery (in), renal vein (out), ureter (out) |
| What substances does the kidney remove from the blood | salts, urea, and water |
| What are nephrons | the functional part of the kidney |
| What is reabsorption | the process of taking back useful materials that were removed during filtration |
| What is the ureter | tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| What is the urinary bladder | a hollow, muscular sac that stores urine |
| Through what tube does urine leave the body | the urethra |
| When the amount of water in the blood is low, will urine be more or less concentrated | more concentrated |
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