Prentice Hall Biology Study Guide 10-2
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Created by:
Antony11 on November 3, 2009
Classes:
SFC Mr. Hewitt's Biology Class
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mitosis | The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is called |
| cytokinesis | The second stage, division of cell cytoplasm, is called |
| pass on genetic information from one generation to the next. | What do chromosomes do? |
| cell division, copied | Before _______ _________, each chromosome is duplicated, or ______. |
| chromatids | Each chromosome consists of two identical "sister" __________. |
| centromere | The area that each pair of chromatids is attached is called the _____________. |
| chromatids | When the cell divides the ______________ separate. |
| chromatid | Each new cell gets one __________________. |
| the period of growth that occurs between cell division. | Interphase |
| a cell grows, prepares for division, divides to form two daughter cells, each of which begins the cycle again. | What happens during the cell cycle? |
| G1 (first gap phase), S Phase (synthesis), G2 (second gap phase), M phase (cell division) | What are the four phases of the cell cycle? |
| increases in size, synthesizes new proteins and organelles | During G1, the cell: |
| chromosomes are replicated, DNA synthesis takes place | During the S phase: |
| enters, cell cycle | Once a cell __________ the S phase, it usually completes the rest of the ________ _____________ |
| organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced | During the G2 phase (second gap phase): |
| mitosis | Once G2 is complete the cell is ready to start the M phase- ____________. |
| Prophase, Metaphase, Anophase, Telophase | What are the four phases of mitosis? |
| Prophase | What is the longest and first phase of mitosis? |
| centrioles | The __________ separate an take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus. |
| in a region called the centrosome | Where do the centrioles lie? |
| helps to organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. | What do centrisomes do? |
| chromatin | _____________ condenses into chromosomes. |
| separate | The centrioles _________ and a spindle begins to form. |
| nuclear envelope | The ____________ _____________ breaks down. |
| the second phase of mitosis | Metaphase |
| The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle. | What happens during metaphase? |
| the third phase of mitosis | Anaphase |
| The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes. The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into two groups. | What happens during anaphase? |
| fourth and final phase ofmitosis | Telophase |
| Chromosomes gather at the opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shape. A new nuclear envelope forms around each cluster of chromosomes. | What happens during telophase? |
| cytoplasm | During cytokinesis, the __________ pinches in half. |
| duplicate chromosomes | Each daughter cell has an identical set of ___________ _________. |
| cell plate | In plants, a structure known as a _________ ___________ forms midway between the divided nuclei. |
| membrane | The cell plate gradually develops into a separating ______________ . |
| cell wall | A __________ __________ then begins to appear in the cell plate. |
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