| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince who founded the Crusading Order of Christ, sponsored 15 voyages along African coast, and started trading posts along its shore |
| Christopher Columbus | commissioned to find route to china; sailed into Caribbean to encounter Tainos |
| Hernan Cortes | Conquistador who conquered Aztecs and Tenochtitlan in 1519 |
| Francisco Pizarro | Conquistador who defeated Incas through use of new technology |
| Martin Luther | Grandfather of Protestant Reformation and Lutheranism; nailed the 95 Theses to cathedral door; "Salvation through faith alone" |
| Jean Calvin | Swiss Protestant who believed in Pre-Destination; leader of Hugeunots |
| Samuel de Champlain | founder of Huguenot settlement in Acadia, Quebec; tried to unite Protestants and Catholics |
| Henry Hudson | Englishman enmployed by Dutch to sail up North River; set-up patron systems and patroonships |
| Elizabeth I | Protestant leader who was part of English Reformation; made England a Protestant kingdom |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | led (failed) expeditions to Roanoke |
| James I | chartered Virginia Company to colonize NOrth AMerica; with 2 headquarters, one of which was in Plymouth |
| John Smith | Primary leader of Jamestown; focused on survival and keeping good terms with Indians; saved by Pocahontas |
| John Rolfe | Introduced Jamestown to staple crop known as tobacco; married Pocahontas; "City Upon a Hill" speech |
| John Winthrop | Quaker; served as govn'r of Mass. Bay Company |
| Anne Hutchinson | A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that Christians are not bound by moral law. She was latter expelled, with her family and followers, and went and settled at Pocasset ( now Portsmouth, R.I.) |
| Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. |
| Charles I | King of England; overthrown in English Civil War |
| Oliver Cromwell | took over England after Charles I; established Commonwealth |
| Charles II | Restoration; reenstated House of Lords and persecuted both Catholics and Protestants |
| William Penn | Quaker who gets land from King in 1682 (Pennsylvania) |
| James II | Catholic English King; gets run out during Glorious Revolution; Dominion of New England |
| King Philip (Metacom) | Leader of the Wompanog who fought with Plymouth; initiated King Philip's War |
| Nathaniel Bacon | Bacon's Rebellion; led frontiersmen and militia in rebellion in Virgina; led to class distinciton |
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