AP Chem = Unit One
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Created by:
rileymeekins on September 12, 2012
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Junior Year
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52 terms
English | Math / Symbols |
|---|---|
 together with marsden helped rutherford conduct experiments on gold foil | geiger |
| developed the atomic theory | dalton |
| discovered the relationship between the atomic number of an element and frequency of x rays emitted | moseley |
| discovered the nucleus of the atom with the famous gold foil experiment | rutherford |
| discovered radioactivity | becquerel |
| demonstrated that an electric current could drive a chemical reaction | faraday |
| invented the cathode ray tube | crookes |
| developed an equation demonstrating the wave and particle behavior of subatomic particles | schrodinger |
| developed the solar system model of the atom | bohr |
| suggested that electrons like light can act as waves and as particles | de broglie |
| discovered that atoms emit quanta of energy | planck |
| used a cathode ray tube to determine the charge to mass ratio of an electron | thomson |
| discovered the neutron | chadwick |
| developed an equation to predict the wavelengths of light emitted at all wavelengths | rydberg |
| measured the charge of an electron in a famous oil drop experiment | millikan |
| developed the law of definite proportions | proust |
| stated it's not possible to know both position and momentum of electrons at the same time | heisengerg |
| discovered x rays | rontgen |
| first known person to believe in small indivisible particles he called atomos | democritus |
| a student of becquerel, also studied radioactivity | cruie |
| example of an electron configuration | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ ^^atomic number of 30 |
| how is an orbital diagram displayed? | using arrows going up and down |
| hund's rule | states that the most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins |
| pauli exclusion principle | states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers |
| diamagnetic | contains no unpaired |
| paramagnetic | contains unpaired |
| degenerate | an electron is degenerate with another electron in its sublevel (s, p, d, and f) |
| what does the quantum number "n" indicate about an electron? | the average distance of the electron from the nucleus / the size of the principal energy level |
| what does the quantum number "l" indicate about an electron? | the shape(s) of the orbitals within the sublevel - s = 0 - p = 1 - d = 2 - f = 3 |
| what does the quantum number "ml" indicate about an electron? | the orientation of each orbital in space |
| what does the quantum number "ms" indicate about an electron? | represents the "spin" of the electron |
| what does the heisenberg's uncertainty equation involve? | the electron's position and momentum |
| what is the significance of heisenberg's uncertainty equation? | it says that it's impossible to know simultaneously both the momentum and position of a particle with certainty. even in the most favorable conditions for measuring positiion and momentum, the product of uncertainties can never be less than h / 4π |
| bohr's theory | fixed orbits of electrons assumed that electrons move around the nucleus in circular orbits, but only in certain "allowed" (fixed) positions he made the solar system model |
| what is the bohr radius? | 53 pm. it is a theoretical value for the size of a hydrogen atom. the radii of other orbits are whole - number multiples of the bohr radius |
| X nm · (1 m / ? nm) = X m | ? = 10⁹ nm |
| what type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength? | gamma rays |
| what type of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest frequency? | radio waves |
| what type of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest energy? | radio waves |
| what type of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength? | radio waves |
| what type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency? | gamma rays |
| what type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy? | gamma rays |
| what is the rydberg equation for? | it is the empirical mathematical relationship between the wavelengths of lines extended balmer's equation so all of the wavelengths could be predicted |
| what would result in the emission of energy? | n = 4 to n = 2 going to a lower level |
| what would result in an absorption of energy? | n = 1 to n = 4 going to a higher level |
| what is the broglie equation used for? | waves can exhibit particle - like properties and particles can behave like waves. the equation shows how the two are related light and electrons have wave - like duality |
| dalton's atomic theory | (1) all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles, called atoms, that can't be created / destroyed. (2) each element has atoms that are identical to each other in all of thier properties and theses properties are different from the properties of all other atoms. (3) chemical reactions are simple rearrangements of atoms from one combination to another in small whole - number ratios. |
| anything with a chemical formula has... | definite proportions |
| what is wrong with dalton's atomic theory? | (1) modern atoms are divisible (subatomic particles). (2) the same element can have isotopes (not always proportional). |
| rutherford | nucleus |
| chadwick | neutron |
| what is the photoelectric effect? | a phenomenon in which electrons are ejected from the surface of certain metals exposed to light of at least a certain minimum frequency (called threshold frequency) |
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