| Term | Definition |
|---|
| TB Tx: Latent TB infection treatment (LTBI) | Isoniazid X 9 months, Isoniazid X 6 months, Rifampin X 4 months |
| TB Tx: Active disease | "Initial phase" 2 months with 4 drugs, then "Continuation phase" 4-7 months with 2 drugs to equal 6-9 months total therapy |
| TB Tx: Extrapulmonary disease | Treats Symptoms: Pleural, lymphatic, bone/joint, GU tract, meningitis, peritonitis |
| Isoniazid (INH) | First-line agent as monotherapy for treatment of LTBI |
| MOA: Isoniazid (INH) | Works via competitive antagonism, inhibits mycolic acid synthesis |
| Isoniazid (INH) | Asymptomatic elevation of aminotransferases, Clinical hepatitis & Fatal hepatitis |
| Rifamycin | Rifampin, Rifapentine, Rifabutin |
| Rifampin (RIF) | Second-line agent as monotherapy for treatment of LTBI |
| MOA: Rifampin (RIF) | Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| Rifampin (RIF) | Usually part of combination therapy for gram-positive infections, only use as monotherapy for prophylaxis of bacterial meningitis and prophylaxis of LTBI |
| Rifampin (RIF) | Hepatotoxicity, Thrombocytopenia, Flu-like syndrome, Rash, Orange discoloration of bodily fluids |
| Pyrazinamide (PZA) | First-line agent combined with INH, RIF, & EMB for treatment of active TB, against dormant and semi-dormant M. tuberculosis |
| Pyrazinamide (PZA) | PO only, Hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms, almost half of pts get Arthralgias/Gouty arthrits |
| Ethambutol (EMB) | First-line agent combined with INH, RIF, & PZA for treatment of active TB, against rapidly dividing M. tuberculosis |
| Ethambutol (EMB) | inhibits arabinosyltransferases |
| Ethambutol (EMB) | PO only, Retrobulbar neuritis (change in red green discrimination), No Hepatotoxicity |
| Cycloserine | Used almost exclusively for M. tuberculosis, Works on the cell wall, Inhibits Alanine Racemase prevents peptide bond formation |
| Cycloserine | Severe CNS affects: Headache, restlessness to psychosis, seizures |
| Ethionamide | works similar to INH, do not use in pregnancy |
| P-Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) | Works similar to sulfonamides, Competes with PABA |
Combine with other sets
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