| Term | Definition |
|---|
| cell membrane | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell that regulates what comes in and out of the cell and performs catalytic reactions |
| phospholipid bilayer | A layer of phospholipids configured so that the hydrophilic heads face outwards, protecting the hydrophobic tails |
| peripheral proteins | proteins that attach to the cell membrane and act as receptors, enzymes, or anchors |
| transmembrane proteins | proteins located in the cell membrane that allow passage of certain substances |
| carbohydrate tags | receptors that provide information on where a certain molecule was made to go |
| attached ribosomes | ribosomes that are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and make proteins that are generally intended to go to other cells |
| free ribosomes | ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm and make proteins that deal with cell activity |
| nucleus | the large structure within the cell that contains genetic information on how the cell works |
| chromatin | genetic material within the nucleus of a cell that is made up of DNA strands wrapped around proteins |
| histones | proteins wrapped in DNA that make up chromatin |
| nucleolus | a dense area within the nucleus that produces ribosomes and RNA |
| nuclear envelope | a double membrane layer that protects the nucleus |
| nuclear pores | holes located on the nuclear envelope that allow or restrict the passage of certain substances into the nucleus |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | modifies and transports proteins that are made by ribosomes |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | makes lipids such as cholesterol and steroids through lipid synthesis and deals with detoxification |
| lipid synthesis | the process by which the smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces lipids |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert energy from food particles into ATP so that other organelles can use it |
| endosymbiotic theory | the theory that states that mitochondria were once free prokaryotes and were engulfed by a eukaryote at some point in time |
| animal vacuoles | storage spaces for food, waste, and water within animal cells |
| central vacuole | storage space within a plant cell that holds water, food, and waste and provides pressure to keep the plant cell strong and rigid |
| golgi apparatus | the organelle that labels and packages proteins using carbohydrate tags |
| centrioles | organelles that only exist in animal cells and aid in cell division |
| chloroplasts | organelles found only in plant cells that that use energy from the sun and convert it into energy-rich food |
| photosynthesis | the process by which chloroplasts use energy from the sun to produce energy-rich food for a plant |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules in an area of high concentration move to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a permeable membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | when large/charged particles enter the cell through transport proteins |
| cytoskeleton | a structure composed of microtubules that provides structure and transport within a cell |
| cell wall | a structure only present in plant cells that provides support and protection for organelles within the cell |
| cellulose | a polysaccharide that makes up a plant's cell wall |
Combine with other sets
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