HWH-Chapter 10
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Created by:
NSODballerina on November 4, 2009
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52 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| carruca |  heavy wheeled plow with an iron plowshare, iron crucial |
| Venice | twon in Italy that emerged in eighth century as a town with close trading ties to the Byzantine Empire, major trading center |
| bourgeoisie | Germann word "burg" meaning "walled enclosure", merchants and artisans later called this |
| apprentice | a person who wanted to learn trade first became this, not paid but recieved room and board from masters |
| journeymen | apprentices became this, worked for wages for other masters, became masters, expected to produce a masterpiece |
| Papal States | popes clamed supremecy over these terrirtories in central Italy |
| Henry IV | king of Germany, struggle with Gregory VII |
| Concordat of Worms | agreement that a bishop in Germany was first elected by Church officials |
| Pope Innocent III | pope when Catholic Church reached he height of its political power |
| Cistercians | strict monks, major role in developing a new, activistic spiritual model for twelfth-century Europe, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux |
| Hildegard of Bingen | became abbess of a religious house for females in western Germany, one of first important women composers, Gregorian chant |
| Franciscans | founded by Saint Francis of Assisi-born in wealthy Italian merchant family, became very popular |
| Dominicans | founded by Dominic de Guzman |
| Oxford | number of students and masters left Paris and started a new university here |
| Aristotle | greek philosopher |
| Saint Thomas Aquinas | made most famous attempt to reconcile Aristotle with the doctrines of Christianity |
| Summa Theoloica | work best known by Thomas Aquinas |
| Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV | struggle of European kings unwilling to accept papal claims of supremecy |
| Avignon | where the new pope- Clement V took residence |
| Crecy | place where first major battle of Hundred Years' War occured |
| Henry V | English king eager to achieve victory, wanted to conquer France at Battle of Crecy |
| Battle of Agincourt | battle, French knights tried to attack Henry's forces, English won |
| Orleans | French captured this |
| Isabella | queen of Castile, married Ferdinand-major step toward unifying Spain |
| Ferdinand | king of Aragon, married Isabella-major step toward unifying Spain |
| lay investiture | the practice by which secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their office |
| interdict | a decree by the pope that forbade priests to give the sacraments of the church to the people |
| sacrament | Christian rites |
| heresy | the denial of basic church doctrines |
| inquisition | a court established by the Catholic Church in 1232 to discover and try heretics; also called the Holy Office |
| relic | bones or other objects connected with saints; considered worthy of worship by the faithful |
| manor | in medieval Europe, an agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants |
| serf | in medieval Europe, a peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents and be subject to the lord's control |
| money economy | an economic system based on money rather than barter |
| commercial capitalism | economic system in which people invest in trade or goods to make profits |
| guild | a business association associated with a particular trade of craft; guilds evolved in the twelfth century and came to play a leading role in the economic life of medieval cities |
| masterpiece | piece created by a journeyman who aspires to be a master craftsperson; it allowed the members of a guild to judge whether the journeyman was qualified to become a master and join the guild |
| theology | the study of religion and God |
| scholasticism | a medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason |
| vernacular | the language of everyday speech in a particular region |
| Black Death | a form of bubonic plague, spread by fleas carried by rats |
| anti-semitism | hostility toward or discrimination against Jews |
| Great Schism | split in the Catholic Church that lasted form 1378 to 1418, during which time there were rival popes in Rome and in the French city of Avignon; France and its allies supported the pope in Avignon, while France's enemy England and its allies supported the pope in Rome |
| new monarchies | in the fifteenth century, government in which power had been centralized under a king of queen, i.e, France, England and Spain |
| taille | an annual direct tax, usually on land or property, that provided a regular source of income for the French monarchy |
| Giovanni | Italian writer who wrote Decameron |
| Eleanor of Aquitaine | queen of England and France, learned to read and write-one of most cultured women of her day |
| Economics | improved farming techniques, invented plow, manorial system, economy begins to revive, trade among towns increases, organization of guilds, rise of money economy, 100 yrs war strains economy |
| Religion | interdiction, Great Schism, Joan of Arc-believed favorite saints had commanded her to free France=led French army to Orleans, Fransiscans founded by Saint Francis of Assisi |
| Education | scholasticism, learning increases, Thomas of Aquitaine, universities begin |
| Arts | gothic cathedrals, Song of Roland- type of vernacular literature, written in french, use of vernacular, artistic production |
| Military | 100 yrs war, Crecy and Agincourt battles, battle at Orleans, War of Roses, 1482-Muslims and Jews forced out of Spain |
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