Chemistry 1
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Created by:
CarolynElizabe on September 13, 2012
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Chemistry Chapter 1 quiz
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chemistry | the study of the composition of matter and its transformations |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Chemical Reaction | change that results from the interact of matter |
| Elements | Substances that cannot be decomposed into simple substances |
| Compounds | formed from 2 or more atoms of different elements combined in a fixed proportion |
| Mixtures | consists of varying amounts of 2 or more elements or compounds |
| Homogeneous Mixtures/Solutions | have the same properties throughout the sample |
| Heterogeneous Mixtures | consists of 2 or more phases |
| Chemical Change | a process that results in the formation of a new substance |
| Physical Change | a process that results in no new substance, but that may change the state of those present, or the proportions |
| Chemical Properties | describe the behavior of the matter that leads to the formation of a new substance: the reactivity of a substance |
| Physical Properties | can be observed about the matter alone, without changing the composition |
| Intensive Properties | independent of sample size ex. color,texture, and temperature |
| Extensive Properties | depend on sample size ex. volume and mass |
| Qualitative | observations are non - numerical |
| Quantitative | observations are numerical |
| Giga(G) | 10^9 |
| Mega(M) | 10^6 |
| Kilo(K) | 10^3 |
| centi(c) | 10^-2 |
| Milli(m) | 10^-3 |
| Micro(u) | 10^-6 |
| Nano(n) | 10^-9 |
| Pico(p) | 10^-12 |
| Tk= | (tc+273.15c)(1k/1c) |
| tf= | (9F/5c)tc+32F |
| Errors | inherent error due to the equipment or procedure |
| Mistakes | blunders that you know that you have made, Don't use this data |
| Accurate | measurement is close to the true or correct value |
| Precise | measurement is close to the average of a series of repeated measurements |
| Sig Figs in Multiplication and Division | the lowest number of sig figs |
| Sig Figs in Addition and Subtraction | the shortest decimal place |
| The Law of Conservation of Mass | in a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants(starting materials) will equal the mass of resulting products |
| The Law of Definite Proportions | the ratio of masses of each element is fixed for a given compound |
| Density(d) | intensive property defined as the ratio of an objects mass(m) to volume(v) d=m/v |
| Atoms | matter consists of these tiny particles |
| The Law of Multiple Proportions | When 2 elements form more than 1 compound, the different masses of 1 element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers |
| Atomic Mass | protons + neutrons |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element with different masses |
| atomic Number (Z) | the number of protons in an element |
| Mass Number | protons + neutrons |
| Cation | an isotope with a positive charge |
| Anion | An isotope with a negative charge |
| A Groups - 1A - 2A - 7A - 8A | representative elements/main group elements - alkali metals - alkaline earth metals - halogens - noble(also inert) gases |
| B Groups | transition elements |
| Inner Transition Elements | elements 58-71 - lanthanide elements 90-103 - actinide |
| Properties of Metals | metallic luster, malleable, ductile, solids at room temperature(except Hg), conduct electricity and heat |
| Nonmetals | lack properties of metals, pulverize when struck, don't conduct electricity and heat, most gases, some solids, 1 liquid(Br), react with metal to form ionic compounds |
| Metalloids | have properties between metals and nonmetals |
| Chemical Formula | symbols used to describe other elements in a compound |
| Hydrates | crystals that contain water molecules, for example, plaster |
| Anhydrous | without water |
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