| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Renaissance | a period of european history lasting from 1300 to 1600. |
| Reformation | a 16th century movement for religious reform. |
| scientific revolution | a major change in european thought. |
| Enlightenment | an 18th century movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method. |
| separation of powers | the assignment of executive legislative and juridical powers to different groups or officals in a govt. |
| Estates general | an assembly of representatives from all the estates. |
| National Assembly | a french congress established by represenatives of the third estate June, 17, 1785. |
| Declaration of the rights of man | a statement of revolutionary ideas adopted by France National Assembly in 1785. |
| The estates | 3 states 1st clergy, 2nd nobility, 3rd estate rest of population |
| Guillotine | a machine for beaheading people. |
| colonialism | the belief that the people felt superior and that they thought it was an obligation to conquer the enemies. |
| Declaration of independance | a statement of the reasons for the American colonies break with britain. |
| Berlin Conference | a meeting at which representatives of europeans agreed upon rules for the european colonization. |
| mercantalism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and obtaining large amounts of gold and silver by selling more than they bought. |
| nationalism | the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation. |
| Monroe doctrine | a U.S policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America anounced by president James Monroe i 1823. |
| Spanish American War | an 1898 conflict between the US and Spain. |
| Industrial Revolution | the shift beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them in machine. |
| crop rotation | the system of growing a differernt crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land. |
| factors of production | the resources including land, labor, and capital that are needed to produce goods and services. |
| entrepreneur | a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risk of buisness. |
| enclosure | one of the fenced-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers. |
| factory | a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods. |
| urbanization | the growth of cities and the migration of people into them. |
| absolute monarchy | a king or queen that has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society. |
| divine right | the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God. |
| democracy | a government controlled by its citizens either directly or through representatives. |
| direct democracy | a government in which citizens rule directly rather then through representatives. |
| commitee of public safety | a comitee established during th French revolution to identifie enemies of the republic. |
| coup d´etat | a sudden seizure of political power in a nation. |
| Boston tea party | an act of direct action of the Americans against the British |
| Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos | colonists that were born in spain, colonists that were born in LA due to spanish parents, a mixed spanish and native american. |
| checks and balances | measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others. |
| assembly line | in a factory, an arangement in which a product is moved from worker to worker. |
| imperialism | a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially. |
| Social Darwinism | the application of Charles Darwinism ideas about evolution and "surivial of the fittest" to human societies particulary as justification for imperialist expansion. |
| capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in buisness ventures in order to make profit. |
| suffrage | the right to vote. |
| manifest destiny | the idea popular among mid 19th century Americans, that it was the right and the duty of the United States to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. |
| Agricultural Revolution | a period of time where there was a massive increase in agricultural productivity. |
| socialism | an ecomic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the walfare of all. |
| laissez faire | the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and buisness. |
| Napoleonic code | a comprehensive system of laws created by Napoleon Bonaparte. |
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