| Term | Definition |
|---|
| ATP | The most important energy-storing compound. Every cell uses one. Consists of a nucleotide called adenine, 5- carbon sugar called ribose, and 3 phosphate groups. |
| ADP | This molecule is needed when a second phosphate is added, more energy is needed to for the two phosphate groups together. |
| Photosynthesis | Is the process plants use to trap the sun's energy and build carbohydrates, called glucose, that store energy. |
| Light-Dependent Reactions | The 1st phase used to accomplish Photosynthesis. Stages: 1) Sun light is captured by chlorophyll. 2) excited electrons go down a chain to make ATP molecules, ATP used to split water molecules. 3) Oxygen is given off into the air. |
| Light-Independent Reactions/ Calvin Cycle | Fueled off the molecules created in the Light-Dependent Reactions. This stage takes the carbon in CO2 and forms carbohydrates through a series of reactions. This stage cannot take place until the Light-Dependent stage has taken place. |
| Pigments | Located in the thylakoid membranes. These are molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight. |
| Chlorophyll | The most common in chloroplasts that absorb most wavelengths of light except for green. |
| Electron Transport Chain | Where the excited electrons go during the Light-Dependent stage. This is a series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane. |
| NADP+ | An electron carrier molecule that helps save energy from the process of the Electron Transport Chain. This carries the excited electron and combines with a hydrogen ion and becomes NADPH. |
| Photolysis | This is the reaction or process in which two water molecules split to replace electrons lost from chlorophyll. |
| Cellular Respiration | The process when mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP. Consists of 3 stages: Glycolysis, The Citrid Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain. |
| Aerobic | With 02. An activity that you don't lose breath until a long period of time. |
| Anerobic | Without 02. |
| Glycolysis | (Anerobic) A series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose, a six carbon compound, into two pyruvic acid molecules. |
| Citrid Acid Cycle | The 2nd process of cellular respiration that breaks down a molecule of pyruvic acid forming ATP and CO2. The electron carriers, NAD+ and FAD, pick up energized electrons and pass them to the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | Is a waste product, soreness is the build up of this. This is used so your muscles can get ATP to contract. This burns in your muscles and causes them to cramp. |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | For bread making and Alcohol making. Yeast is created. |
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