Chapter 10
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Created by:
destiny0fall on November 5, 2009
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Phenotype | visible end product of a chain of events that starts with the gene, the mRNA, and the protein product |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | caused by substitution of a single amino acid in beta globin |
| Enzymes | convert substrates into products by catalyzing chemical reactions |
| Metabolism | the sum of all biochemical reactions by which cells convert and utilize energy |
| Substrate | starting point for a biochemical reaction |
| Inborn Error of Metabolism | concept that many genetic traits result from inherited alterations in biochemical pathways |
| Essential Amino Acids | amino acids we cannot synthesize in the body and must be supplied by diet - there are 9 |
| Phenylketonuria | mutation that prevents the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, often resulting in retardation, light skin/hair, and epileptic seizures |
| Monosaccharide | simplest carbohydrates, include fructose, glucose, and galactose |
| Carbohydrate | organic molecules that include sugars, starches, glycogens, and celluloses |
| Disaccharide | produced by chemically linking two monosaccharides, include sucrose, maltose, and lactose |
| Polysaccharide | long strings of many sugars linked together, including glycogen, starch, and cellulose |
| Galactosemia | autosomal recessive disorder caused by the inability to break down galactose. If left untreated, high levels accumulate, causing cataracts and mental retardation |
| Lactose Intolerance | adults are unable to digest the lactose in milk and other dairy products |
| Hemoglobin | iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from lungs to cells in the body |
| Globins | four protein molecules that makes up hemoglobin |
| Heme | organic molecule containing an iron atom for transport to cells in the body; same in all hemoglobins |
| Pseudogene | nonfunctional gene that is closely related to functional genes somewhere in the genome |
| Hemoglobin Variant | alpha and beta globins with variant amino acid sequences |
| Thalassemias | group of disorders characterized by imbalances in globin synthesis |
| Pharmacogenetics | branch of genetics concerned with the inheritance of differences in the response to drugs |
| Ecogenetics | branch of genetics that studies traits related to the response to environmental substances |
| PTC Tasting | first pharmacogenetic trait to be discovered; some people can taste chemicals in artificial sweeteners and some cannot |
| Alpha Thalassemia | genetic disorder associated with an imbalance in the ratio of alpha and beta globin caused by reduced or absent synthesis of alpha globin |
| Beta Thalassemia | genetic disorder associated with an imbalance in the ratio of alpha and beta globin caused by reduced or absent synthesis of beta globin |
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