| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Heterotrophs | _______ get their energy from "eating others." consumers of other organisms. consume organic molecules. |
| Autotrophs | ________ get their energy from "self." get their energy from sunlight. use light energy to synthesize organic molecules . |
| transferred, created, destroyed | Energy can only be _______, not _______ or _____. |
| Photoautotrophs | __________ make food by using light energy, AKA photosynthesis. |
| autotrophs, heterotrophs | The ________ are: all plants, plant-like protists, and some bacteria. Everything else are ________. |
| Heterotrophs | _______ need to eat glucose, they don't have the organelles that make glucose. |
| carbohydrate, organic compounds | Glucose is a _______ which is a monosaccharide, which is one of the four groups of ________. |
| Heterotrophs | consumers, animals, fungi, most bacteria |
| Autotrophs | producers, plants, photosynthetic bacteria |
| Heterotrophs | ______ make energy & organic molecules from ingesting organic molecules |
| Autotrophs | ______ make energy & organic molecules from light energy |
| glucose, energy dioxide | _______ + oxygen --> carbon + water + _______ |
| 6O₂, ATP | C₆H₁₂O₆ + _____ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ______ |
| water, oxygen | carbon dioxide + _____ + energy --> glucose + _____ |
| light energy, C₆H₁₂O₆ | 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + _____ --> ________ + 6O₂ |
| respiration | So, in effect, photosynthesis is _____ run backwards powered by light. |
| Cellular Respiration | _______ oxidizes C₆H₁₂O₆ --> CO₂ & produce H₂O, fall of electrons downhill to O₂, exergonic |
| Photosynthesis | ________ reduces CO₂ --> C₆H₁₂O₆ & produce O₂, boost electrons uphill by splitting H₂O, Endergonic |
| respiration | Everything under goes _____ , even plants. |
| glucose, ATP | Plants also have to break down ____ in order to get energy out of ____. |
| Plants | _____ collect light energy and transform it into chemical energy |
| light energy, saved | Plants store ______ in a stable form to be moved around the plant |
| building block, C H O N P S | Plants need to get ______ atoms from |
| organic molecules | Plants produce all ________ needed for growth. |
| carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids | Name the four groups of organic molecules. |
| energy, Chlorophyll, respiration, starch | Plants have to collect the ______ from the light. _______ collects the sunlight, chlorophyll is in the chloroplasts. The plants will use all the light. It will store it in the bonds of glucose. Some of it will break down in _______ for their own energy. Then they store the extra glucose they don't use as _____. |
| sunlight | leaves = solar collectors of ______ |
| CO₂ | stomates = gas exchange of ______ |
| H₂O, nutrients | _______ and _______ uptake from roots |
| leaf | The _____ is the solar panel of the plant. |
| cuticle, lipids, water loss | On the top of the leaf is the_____, waxy layer that is made of______, triglycerides. The function is to prevent________. |
| stomata, water | On the top of the leaf is a few________, but not a lot. You can't have a lot since the ______ would escape. |
| transpiration | The sun can take out the water from the leaf through evaporation called_________. |
| hydrogen bonds | The water molecules are trapped together from the_________, which is connected through the polar ends. |
| chlorophyll | Next is the palisade mesophyll, which is crammed with_______. It attracts a lot of sunlight since its on top. |
| gasses | The spongy mesophyll is where the _______ change places, the oxygen & carbon dioxide. |
| tissues, water | Next is the lower epidermis which protects the _______ in between and prevents _______ loss. |
| water | On the bottom is many more stomata. But it won't let a lot of _______ escape the leaf since its on the bottom and not directly towards the sun. |
| Chloroplasts | ________ contain double membrane, stroma, thylakoid sacs, grana stacks. |
| Chlorophyll, ETC | _______ & _______ in thylakoid membrane. H⁺ gradient built up within thylakoid sac |
| 30-40, 2-4 | A typical mesophyll cell has_____ chloroplasts, each about _____ microns by 4-7 microns long. |
| stroma | Each chloroplast has two membranes around a central aqueous space, called the ______. |
| thylakoid | In the stroma are membranous sacs, the_______. |
| lumen, space | These have an internal aqueous space, called the thylakoid ______ or thylakoid_____. |
| granas | Thylakoids may be stacked into columns called_______. |
| cholorplasts | The ___________ are only found in plants and the plant-like protists. |
| membranes | On the chloroplasts, there are two_______. This is a tiny membrane. It is where photosynthesis takes place. |
| thylakoid | Each little green disk is called a________. |
| phospholipid, lumen | The membrane of thylakoid is a _______. In side it there's a space and is called a______. |
| grana | The entire stack of thylakoids is called a ______. |
| chlorophyll | The thylakoids, which is the grana, contain the pigment _______. Their job is to collect sunlight. |
| surface area, photosynthesis | The grana membranes are stacked for two reasons, to give a greater_________ for photosynthesis to take place on, if more _________ takes place, the more glucose. Everything is designed so it can best carry out it's function. |
| thylakoid | Light reactions take place in the_________ membranes. |
| stroma | The filling in the space in the thylakoid is a liquid called the_______. |
| dark reactions | The__________ occur in the stroma. |
| magnesium | In the center of the chlorophyll is__________. |
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