AP world Chapter Four
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Created by:
lchurchill on September 16, 2012
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Persian Empire Geography | SW Asia, Indo-European, above Persian gulf (largest empire of their time) Population: 35 Million |
| Persian Infastructure | Network of paved roads-link empire (inns along way) postal system Monumental architecure: Palace of Persepolis |
| Cyrus the great (Persian king) | 550 BCE establish empire defeat king of Iran/Anatolia |
| Persian Government | Kings/monarchs-absolute power centralized gov- power not spread beauracracy-but tolerate other cultures |
| Darius (Persian King) | Second king Stabilize empire Infrastructure: paved roads/postal service Monumental Architecture: Palace of Persepolis |
| Xerxes (P. King) | Darius Son try to incorporate Athens/Sparta (doesn't work) Center of gov-power isn't spread out Bureaucracy-but accept other languages and cultures |
| satraps | Governers of Persia |
| Greece Geography | Population: 2-3 million mountanous terrain-Pennisula 1400 islands in Aegean Sea good climate/temp (imp. for outdoor activities) prevent development of single centralized gov. |
| Greek City States | Hundreds, independent, spread throughout Peninsula Regionally governed(king for each) Sparta/Athens=most imp. |
| Polis | Word for greek c-s government (root word for politics) |
| Greek Culture | Language based on Phoenician alphabet all c-s speak greek little farmable land-grow fancy things-trade for essentials Olympics poor distribution of weatlh (poor protest) |
| Athens | 5th cent BCE have 250,000 in whole c-s Focus: money/culture/edu. Trade=important Solon (reformer)-laws to release debt from poor farmers Big Idea: laws can be written/revised Delian league: league of alliances |
| Democracy in Athens | all citizens vote all citizens are = before the law selective for citizenship (no women, slaves, etc) Decisions of state must be approved by pop. assembly direct democracy become more democratic/inclusive over time (pay ppl in gov) Pericles: powerful aristocrate-not part of gov |
| Sparta | Focus: military boys taken from home/trained very young age women must work out too-produce fit babies (# one goal) ruled by two kings-keep eachother in check council of elders-for life, sixty plus, powerful part of gov. huge slave population-how get stuff done men gone alot-fighting |
| Greek Legacy | West: education US: public buildings, democracy |
| Greco-Persian Wars | (Athens) Greece vs. Persia Persia take Greeks trading ports in Anatolia Greek colonies revolt Persia attack Greek homeland (Greeks win) Battle of Thermopylae Marathon (battle) |
| Peloponiasian wars | Athens vs. Sparta (civil war) Periclis-send everyone inside city walls -plague spreads/S cut off food from outside -Athens surrenders Greece: divided, weak, vulnerable |
| Peloponiasian league | Sparta ali league |
| Greece Divided | Macedonia, Philip 2 conquer Greece/expand empire attack Persia-unifies Greece Alex. the great expand more-huge empire spreads Greek culture and adopts it himself |
| Rome Geography | Italy easier to unite than Greece-no islands/less rugged mountains fertile plains-support population growth/farming "City of seven hills" Romeulus/Remus found Rome |
| Roman Republic | 509 BCE-drive out Etruscan king Republic: people choose some of officials patricians=wealthy class (have to be to be in senate) Senate=assembly made up of patricians-make laws/control gov. -300 people consuls=important leaders-control army/supervise gov. 2 year terms |
| Power to people | Plebians=poor class-most of population-little say tribune=elected by pleb.-protect/rep -veto power law of 12 tables=gov must write down laws -know what laws are-can avoid breaking -defend themselves/know rights |
| Conquered land of Rome | acknowledged Rom. leaders/pay taxes/supply men for army encorporate Rom religion but don't have to change conflict with monotheistic groups-Christians |
| Legions | Rome military unit/army well trained 5000 not paid-encourage to steal things |
| Roman empire | Network of roads diffusion of cutures-Rom gods mixed with other Rel's gods Soldiers stay post at territories |
| Punic Wars | 264-146- Rome vs Carthage (N Af)-3 wars 1. Rome win 2. Hannibal-leader of Carthage-Rom win 3. Rom destroys Cathrage Rome control Med. Basin |
| Empire | goal: conquest over other territiories ruling over diverse group of people-language, culture, etc most fall for same reason-size, money, etc |
| China and Rome | Same time period-200-200 CE Same rulling span of land Same population: 50-60 million Both invest in public works (roads, monuments) No contact between two empires |
| Legalism | Pessimistic view on humans-lazy/stupid Laws are clear and harsh punishments During Qin dynasty Not favored by the people-doesn't last |
| Confusicionism | Founder: confusicious (poor but edu. fam)-philosopher Not very spiritual-include gods, etc stress unequal relationships and to respect/accept them -wife/husband, ruler/citizens, etc Rulers responsible for providing good gov. (lead by example) Education: way to moral betterment Analects: books of Confu. teachings |
| Daosim | Founder: Laozi (Retreated to nature-enlightened) Doa: way of nature, force/source of all creation focus on: nature |
| Daoism vs. Confusionism | D: not political-deals with nature vs. gov D: self examination-not judged by others B: wise/honest rulers D: search for meaning of life/med vs. worrying bout others See as working together-Yin/Yang |
| Hinduism | develop in India serves as religion and social system Polytheistic Brahma: single spiritual power-present in all things Reincarnation-rebirth Karma: actions now affect later-in after life Hierarchy of rebirth-higher the better life you live Dharma: religious and moral duties |
| Hindu texts | Not single one like bible/Quran Vedas: songs, poems, stories written down by Brahmans but passed down for centuries-written in Sanskrit Upanishads: phil. works-describe Brahman-ultimate reality-essence of life, dao can't be seen written 800-400 BCE |
| Budhism | Founder: Buhda, Siddhartha Gautama Nirvana-final state-absolute peace/happiness/ultimate goal -compared to Dao Two movements: Theravada, Mahayana Eight fold path appeal to lower class/women-female monks (alternate lifesty) Mandala-circle sanskirt |
| Buhdism vs. Hinduism | Similar: nonviolence, karma, dharma, reincarnation, meditation Dif: H: Priests, formal rituals, polytheistic, caste system B: nirvana thro meditation, all can reach, little talk of gods |
| Jainism | Develop from Hinduism Founder: Mahavira Reject idea that Brahamins=only one perform rituals meditation, fasting extreme non violence: ahimsa |
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