US History Ch. 2
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beccam1026 on September 16, 2012
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test: antislavery movement- reconstruction
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107 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 the liberator | name of the antislavery paper published by william lloyd garrison |
| reforms of antislavery movement | education helping poor temperance movement human treatment of mentally ill women's movement american colonization society abolitionists and absolutism |
| sarah and angelina grimke | women abolitionists (sisters) from wealthy family in South Carolina; move to Boston 1st women to speak publicly to audience with men and women firsthand experience with slavery |
| harriet tubman | african american abolitionist often called "black moses" led slaves to freedom on Underground railroad |
| frederick douglass | african american abolitionist who escaped from slavery; great writer/speaker -- great black leader gave testimony about slavery to large crowds |
| north star | abolitionist newspaper started by frederick douglass in Rochester, NY |
| moral arguments of abolitionists | convince northerners and southerners that slavery=morally wrong and sinful large rallies with persuasive speakers distributed abolitionist pamphlets |
| political action | abolitionists took _ _, using Northern legislatures, petitions to congress, and election of sympathetic members of congress in order to make their opinions known |
| 1850 | there were limited achievements made during antislavery movement until this date |
| 10% | what percent of northern whites approved abolitionism wholeheartedly? (20% more were sympathetic to goals) |
| original US | territory outlined by treaty of paris, 1783 Mississippi river on west, canada on north, florida on south |
| louisiana purchase | 1803, bought by jefferson from france for $15 million; territory west of Mississippi river |
| florida | territory gained by Transcontinental treaty, 1819 James Monroe purchased from Spain, $5 million |
| adams-onis treaty | 1819, treaty between Adams, secretary of state, and Onis, Spanish counterpart, acquiring florida for US 1 problem: US had to give up Texas, as Mexico was still part of Spanish Empire and Texas belonged to them |
| texas | 1845, territory annexed by agreement/ republic of _; long process: 1821: Mexican war of Independence 1836: _ gains independence from Mexico; Sam Houston as leader; independent nation for 9 years James K. Polk brings _ into Union US acquisition strains relationship with Mexico |
| Andrew Jackson | this president did not want to add another slave state to the union, so he did not annex texas during his presidency. (However, James K. Polk did later) |
| oregon | _ country was added to the US by treaty with great britain (US and GB compromise and agree to split territory) Before, jointly occupied by both countries (1818-1846); President was James K. Polk US did not get entire _-- some northerners angry because Polk got all of Texas, a slave state |
| James K. Polk | president when US gained oregon country, mexican cession, and texas |
| thomas jefferson | president who bought louisiana purchase from france |
| james monroe | president who purchased florida from spain |
| 54 40' and fight | the treaty with great britain in 1846 prevented a war over oregon country in which this would have been the war slogan |
| oregon trail | famous trail that goes from missouri to oregon |
| mexican cession | territory acquired by treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo, 1848, US paid Mexico $15 million President was James K. Polk |
| treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo | treaty between Mexico and US ending Mexican-American War in 1848 US gained Mexican cession territory |
| gadsden purchase | president franklin pierce purchased from mexico, $10 million gadsden was representative to mexico; this purchase was associated to building the transcontinental railroad |
| transcontinental railroad | transportation route connecting the east and west; debated over where it should begin (economic benefits for chosen region) Ends up starting in North after South leaves Union |
| alaska | 1898, purchase from Russia US pays $7 million; president Andrew Johnson; great purchase (oil, gold, minerals) |
| andrew johnson | president who purchased alaska from russia in 1898 |
| hawaii | 1898, purchased by president william mckinley had been independent nation; wanted by US because of location |
| william mckinley | president who bought hawaii and puerto rico |
| puerto rico | 1898, acquired by treaty of paris; ends spanish-american war not a state!! citizens receive military protection and aid, but don't have to pay taxes |
| manifest destiny | Starting in 1840s, belief that westward expansion was justified by the "divine mission" of Americans to spread their superior values and institutions to the rest of the continent |
| James K Polk | elected in 1844 promising to expand borders |
| texas | territory added in 1845 |
| oregon country | territory added in 1846 |
| mexican cession | territory added in 1848 |
| california | territory added in 1850 |
| gadsden purchase | territory added in 1853 |
| northwest ordinance | 1787, stated that Slavery was prohibited north of the Ohio River (no one thought plantations would be set up there/ southerners thought slavery was dying); Congress made law stating that state had to have 60,000 people living to become a state |
| missouri compromise | Issue: Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. this agreement provided that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri (36 30') stating that except for Missouri, all states north of the line would be free states |
| wilmot proviso | 1846, During Mexican American War (1846-48), Dispute over whether any Mexican territory that America won during the Mexican War should be free or a slave territory. Representative David Wilmot introduced an amendment stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. Passed the House; defeated in senate. Reflects desire for white economic opportunity in west... symbol of how intense the dispute over slavery was in US between north and south |
| free soil party | 1848, party created consisting of northerners who don't want slaves in the west |
| southern response to wilmot proviso | southerners were furious because of the proposal of no slavery in the west... argued: western land belongs to all states southerners have right to bring slaves into new territory; congress has no authority to say otherwise anger towards abolitionists/ northerners in general |
| harriet beecher stowe | 1852, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | written by Harriet Beecher Stowe had dramatic impact on public opinion; many northerners shift position regarding slavery New beliefs: slavery= unjust and cruel; still thought govt. couldn't interfere with slavery in south, but believed it shouldn't spread west |
| kansas nebraska act | 1854, Repeals Missouri Compromise (slavery now allowed above line) creates 2 new territories; popular sovereignty determined fate of slavery in each (only way southerners agreed to this act) Kansas erupts in bloody conflict- "Bloody kansas" |
| compromise of 1850 | Agreement stating... california to be added as a free state southwestern territories= popular sovereignty as of 1850, kansas was unorganized territory |
| whig party | this party dissolves in 1854 because of K-N act and possibility of slavery expansion Republican party emerges soon after |
| southerners' fears by 1850 | growing power of national govt. republican party gaining control of national government |
| john brown's raid on harper's ferry | Virginia, Oct. 1859 John Brown, radical abolitionist, planned to take over US arsenal at harper's ferry and distribute weapons to local slaves; march south and set off slave rebellion Failure. met by armed townspeople; execution Reaction: many northerners upset; some viewed as martyr. southerners traumatized- blame republicans This intensifies sectionalism and sets tone for election of 1860 |
| election of 1860 | this upcoming event made southerners very anxious; feared election of republican and threatened secession 4 candidates: Stephen Douglass (N Democrat) John Bell (S Democrat) Constitutional Union Party Abraham Lincoln (Republican) |
| Abraham Lincoln | Elected President, 1860 "self-made," lawyer, on state legislature and 1 term in Congress (Whig Party member) Transition to Republican party- hated slavery; believed all people deserved natural rights; everyone should be able to rise as far as talents permitted On National Govt: thought govt. didn't have right to interfere with slavery in South but should prevent expansion Hoped for gradual emancipation |
| secession crisis | 1860-1861 southerners thought they could secede if northerners violated compact (and claimed that they did) |
| fugitive slave act | 1850, act stating that southerners could catch slaves in free states and that northerners had to cooperate and return slaves Southerners claimed that northerners did not follow this act |
| dred scott decision | 1857, southerners claim that northerners did not obey this decision (ruling of a court case between slave and master) stating that Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories |
| south carolina | december 1860, first state to secede from the union with a unanimous vote 6 other states followed early 1861 |
| confederate states of america | feb. 1861, formed by states who seceded from the union Delegates met in Montgomery, AL Jefferson Davis was president |
| jefferson davis | president of the confederate states of america Former senator from mississippi and served as secretary of war |
| crittenden compromise | southerner from KY proposed that govt. extend the 36 30' line and allow slavery below it; southerners in congress (who didn't secede) support it. Lincoln argued against it and convinced republicans not to vote for it. (compromise failed) |
| causes of civil war | slavery; abolitionists heighten tensions; incompatible civilizations (south felt their way of life was threatened by govt. led by republicans); north goes to war to save the union |
| 1861-1865 | dates of civil war |
| fort sumter | april 1861; first battle of civil war in Charleston, SC; this fort falls to the confederates; no deaths; northern commander surrendered |
| richmond, va | capital of CSA moved from montgomery, al to here after 4 more states, including VA and TN, seceded |
| save the union | lincoln and northern states initially wage war to... |
| 1862 | as of this date, the south was winning more battles than the north. northerners begin to rethink purpose of the war |
| war for human freedom | lincoln's transformation regarding purpose of war... after 1862 he believes the purpose of the war is this |
| emancipation proclamation | Jan. 1863, Lincoln issues this proclamation freeing all slaves |
| battle of bull run | June 1861, northern VA 1st major battle of civil war Southerners force Union troops to flee; Northerners are humiliated and all realize that the civil war will be a long, bloody conflict |
| battle of antietam | Maryland, September 1862 Bloodiest battle; south hoped for victory to earn British and French aid Costly victory for union-- Lee and South retreat to Va |
| preliminary emancipation proclamation | september 1862, Lincoln issues this after the battle of antietam states the willingness to keep slavery if it saved the Union; if CSA did not return to the Union, slaves would be freed Slaves did not agree to this (thought they could win the war and preserve way of life) |
| battle of gettysburg | July 1863; Lee invades North thinking CSA will become own Union and get British aid Union anticipates Lee's arrival; Lee orders "Pickett's Charge"-- huge victory for north turning point of war (Lee running low on supplies and troops) |
| ulysses s. grant | appointed commander of the North after battle of gettysburg; Union had made mistake of not pursuing Lee, but this commander was known for his relentless attacks on the south |
| appomattox courthouse | April 1865, Lee surrenders to Grant at this place |
| john wilkes booth | assassinates lincoln 2 months after gettysburg |
| consequences of civil war | property damage in the south slaves are freed; southerners lose $2 billion of slave property union is saved 620,000 americans died (2% of pop.) legacy of bitterness in both regions (south blamed north; north angry abut huge number of casualties) |
| reconstruction | 1865-1877 southern states restored to proper place in Union under some restrictions Period of reform; republicans rule nationally and in South; south treated mildly |
| congress or president | the big question during reconstruction... who should carry out the reformation during this time? |
| andrew johnson | democratic president after lincoln; not a strong leader; believed it was president's job to carry out reconstruction (easy on south) but Congress thought it was their job (angry about what took place in south after war) impeached by republicans but won trial in senate, so wasn't removed from office |
| 13th amendment | 1865, amendment that abolished slavery |
| 14th amendment | 1868, amendment stating that states cannot deny people citizenship guarantees 2 things: equal protection of law (prevents racial discrimination before law) and due process of law protects blacks and prohibits south from unfair treatment |
| due process of law | idea guaranteed by 14th amendment that everyone is entitled to a lawyer and trial; innocent until proven guilty |
| 15th amendment | 1870, amendment giving Black males (not women) right to vote |
| legacy of reconstruction | southern whites bitter esp. towards blacks voting for republicans former slaves felt expectations were not met hoped to receive white's land, 40 acres & a mule (some radical republicans wanted to do this) |
| sharecropping | replaces slavery-- whites need labor, blacks have some power-- compromise: system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land Merchants- 50% interest rates; force sharecroppers to grow cotton (price/bale goes down and sharecroppers fall into cycle of debt) |
| democratic party | this party dominates the south for almost 100 yrs |
| republican party in south | consists of: former slaves, southern whites who disagreed with democrats, northern whites who came south |
| carpetbaggers | northern whites who came south for opportunity south thinks all these people have is the clothes they can carry in a carpet bag; believe they are trying to exploit the south |
| violence and economic pressure | tactics used by democrats against republicans |
| ku klux klan | violent group of radical democrats who targeted those who voted for republicans used lynching, fires, and other means of destruction |
| economic pressure | tactic used by democrats that was even more effective than violence; no secret ballot, so democrats threatened blacks and others who voted for republicans |
| antislavery movement | 1820-1860 part of antebellum reform movement fueled by religious revival |
| second great awakening | a time of religious revival preachers called upon to repent; camp meetings message: Christians must also work to remove sin/improve their society fueled antislavery movement |
| education | antislavery movement reform US _ improved greatly; went from behind Europe to ahead Improvements in facilities, longer school years, updating curriculum, training for teachers |
| high illiteracy rates | no public education in the south until after civil war; accounts for the _____ in the south |
| temperance movement | growing concern for use of alcohol, especially women fear drunk men this was an organized movement in support of moderating the use of alcohol some success by 1860; some states ban use |
| maine | first state to ban use of alcohol in 1852; other states followed |
| mentally ill | these people did not receive humane treatment, especially from poor families put in prison, locked up, whipped, mistreated |
| Dorothy Dix | Mass. teacher exposed to the horror of the mistreatment mentally ill received gave talks and set up 1st mentally ill hospital |
| Women's movement | 1840, women begin to stand up for their rights 2nd class citizens; judged to be physically, intellectually, and emotionally incapable in the "public arena" only suited for management of home life |
| women's rights convention | 1848, NY, attended by women and some men; Seneca falls declaration-- proof of rights denied to women |
| susan b. anthony, elizabeth cady stanton | 2 women who pushed for women's right to vote (_, _) |
| Massachusetts | this was the first state to abolish slavery |
| american colonization society | 1816, gradual emancipation of slaves end slavery in south in mild way; compensation for slaves owners colonization of african americans in liberia; 20K free blacks sent over this had many problems and ultimately failed |
| james monroe, john marshall | leaders of the american colonization society (_, _) |
| failure of american colonization society | 3 problems: (led to failure in 1820s) not enough money slave owners didn't want to free slaves slaves didn't want to leave, only want equal rights |
| william lloyd garrison | radical abolitionist, published paper in Boston, 1831. Points: immediate abolition no compensation or colonization citizenship and full rights for blacks full equality for women |
| american antislavery society | 1833, formed by William Lloyd Garrison embodies ideas of abolitionists and absolutism |
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