| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Behaviourism | Habit formation, drills, focus on accuracy, audiolingual method |
| Articulator | Parts of the mouth, throat and nose use to make speech |
| Alveolar ridge | between teeth and hard palate (roof) of mouth |
| Assessment | Collecting information about student knowledge to measure progress |
| Evaluation | Effectiveness of overall course or program |
| Acculturation | The degree to which somebody integrates into a culture |
| Proficiency Test | Measures overall ability |
| Achievement Test | Tests what learners have learned in a given period of time |
| Gradable adjectives | Adjectives which can have different degrees - quite good |
| Adverbial | Comment (Generally speaking), Circumstance (In winter), Link (As a result the pipes burst) |
| Adjuncts | Adverbial which functions as internal structure of sentence (As soon as) |
| Disjunct | Adverbial which stands apart from sentence (attitude - Not surprisingly) |
| Linker | Adverbial which connects clauses, sentences or paragraphs (on the other hand) |
| Advising | Should, You'd better, If I were you, ought to |
| Affect | Emotions or feelings, key principle in humanistic teaching |
| Affective filter | Krashen - controls amount and quality of input leaners receive |
| Affordance | Language learning opportunities that exist in the learner's environment |
| Agency | To be in control of your learning |
| Appraisal | Expressing feeling, judgement and appreciation |
| Appropriacy | Using language to suit cultural context and meeting lısteners expectations |
| Appropriation | Making something your own - Key in socio-cultural learning theory. E.g. Dictogloss |
| Definite article | The |
| Indefinite article | a, some |
| Automaticity | To perform a task without having to pay to much attention to it |
| Causative | Passive, when someone performs a service for someone else - John had his car fixed |
| Clause | Largest grammatical unit smaller than the whole sentence |
| Finite clause | A clause where the verb is marked for tense and agree with the subject. When the door opens, you can go in |
| Non-finite clause | Clause which has a participle or infnitive as its verb; To open the door use the key |
| Co-ordinate clause | When 2 or more clauses of equal ranks are linked by a conjunctıon |
| Main clause | Contains the main idea of a sentence |
| Subordinate clause | Is outranked by the main clause in a sentence |
| Relative clause | Provides more information about nouns. A woman who had been sittıng at her desk |
| Reported clause | I don't remember what she said |
| Cleft sentence | Sentence split in two to foreground one element of a sentence; It was Dorothy who gave Toto the bone |
| Cloze test | Where every nth word is removed and replaced by a space. Not the same as gap fill |
| Gap Fill | Test where chosen words are removed and replaced wıth blanks for students to fill in |
| Cognates | Words which have the same or very similar in form and function in 2 languages |
| False Friends | Words which look like cognates but have different meanings |
| Coherent | A text which makes sense depending on context |
| Cohesion | Connectedness of elements in a text achieved using ellipsis, substitution, linkers, parallelism, back reference |
| parallelism | Sentences that echo each other (cohesive device) |
| anaphoric reference | pronoun which refers to a previously mentioned noun |
| cataphoric reference | pronoun which refers to a noun mentioned later in the discourse |
| substitution | replacement of a noun phrase or clause by a single word |
| Pragmatics | Study of language and it's context of use |
| Contrastive analysis | Comparison of 2 language systems |
| back chanelling | verbal signals given by the listener to show interest, surprise, attention |
| Co-operative principle | Grice - 4 Maxims (quantity, quality, relation. manner) |
| Critical pedagogy | Liberating form of education based on dialogue, equality and hope |
| Declarative | Statement such as Richard has great teeth |
| Deduction | A rule is taught to the learner which they then apply |
| Induction | Learner works out the rules for themselves |
| deixis | The way language points to a spatial and temporal features of context: See you then, come here now |
| determiners | a, this, that, my, some, few, what, which |
| Direct Method | Method - No translation, realia used, question-answer exercises |
| Discourse marker | Well, anyway, I mean, actually. Orient the listener to what will follow |
| Display question | Type of question used by teacher to find out what learner can say |
| Dogme ELT | Reaction against coursebooks. Leraner-centred instruction |
| Ellipsis | Leaving out elements of a sentence |
| Mentalism | Learners actively working things out for themselves (experiential learning) |
| Formulaic language | sequences of 2 or more words that operate as a single unit (collocations, phrasal verbs, ıdiomdi discourse markers) |
| Genre | Any type of spoken or written discourse which is used and recognized by members of a particular culture |
| Homonym | Word which are written and pronounced the same way but have dıfferent meanings |
| Humanism | Learning approaches that assert the central role of the 'whole person' ın the learning process |
| Hyponym | Describes the relationship X is a type of Y |
| Meronymy | Objects that are all part of another object (e.g. face - eyes, ears, nose) |
| Immersion | When school children are taught some or all of their subjects in a language that is not their mother tongue |
| Interlanguage | The grammatical system that the learner creates when learning a new language |
| phonemes | Individual segments of speech |
| Inversion | When 2 grammatical elements are reversed (Kim is having lunch - Is Kim having lunch?) |
| Priming | Co-occurence of words by grammar and habits of association |
| Linking Verb | Verbs that take an obligatory compliment (be, look, seem, fee) |
| Inflection | Alteration of the form of a word (spoke, speak, speaks) to agree with tense, person and number |
| Morpheme | Smallest meaningful unit in written language |
| Scaffolding | The temporary support given to learners while they are learning |
Combine with other sets
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