| Term | Definition |
| copia, -ae | abundance, supply |
| acies, aciei | line of battle |
| quadraginta | fourty |
| pedes, peditis | foot soldier, infantryman |
| eques, equitis | horse soldier, cavalryman |
| cornu, cornus | horn, wing (of an army) |
| quingenti, -ae, -a | 500 |
| Oriens, Orientis | the East |
| consularis, consularis, consularium | one holding the rank of consul, an ex-consul |
| adhuc | up to this time |
| orbis, orbis, orbitum | circle |
| orbis terrarum | the world |
| castra, castrorum | camp |
| diripio, diripere, diripui, direptus | to plunder, ransack |
| aetas, aetatis | age |
| intueror, intueri, intuitus sum | to gaze at, look upon, contemplate |
| quondam | once, formerly |