Islam - Chapter 10
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Islam | the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran |
| Muslim | a believer or follower of Islam |
| Muhammad | born into the clan of a powerful Meccan family, raised by grandfather and uncle; became business manager for Khadijah whom he later married; often spent time alone meditatiing; believed that Gabriel came and spoke to him, began new religion called Islam |
| Bedouins | Arab nomads. They were organized into tribes and groups called clans. These clans provided security and support for a life made difficult by the extreme conditions of the desert. Their settlement is from where the Muslim Empire sprang. This was around the 600s AD and at the Arabian Peninsula. |
| Mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. (p. 230) |
| Ka'aba | (Islam) a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine |
| Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God |
| Khadijah | widow of a wealthy merchant; Muhammad worked for her and later married her |
| Hijrah | Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in A. D. 622; this event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar |
| Five Pillars | the five duties of a Muslim. 1) Pilgrimage to Mecca (HAJJ) 2) Praying 5 times a day towards Mecca. 3) Alms to the poor. 4) Fasting during the month of Ramadan. 5) BELIEF (in Allah, and overall) |
| Mosque | (Islam) a Muslim place of worship |
| Gabriel | In A.D. 610, Muhammad had a vision of the angel ________________, in which he received messages from God. |
| Medina | Earlier name for the city Yathrib. Muhammad moved here from Mecca in the migration known as the Hijrah. |
| Ulman | religious teacher |
| Sunna | Islam way of life for Muslims based on the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran: • No drinking alcohol • No eating pork • Friday afternoon - religious worship • No priests or central religious authority • Worship Allah directly • Ulama = religious teachers |
| Shari'a | immense body of law interpreting the Quran and applying its teachings to daily life, regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, and other aspects of a Muslim community |
| People of the Book | the name for Jews and Christians for whom the Muslims had religious tolerance; called this because each religion had a holy book with teachings similar to that of the Qur'an |
| Rightly guided caliphs | four successors of muhammad; abu-bakr, umar, uthman, ali |
| caliphs | The military and political leaders of the Muslim community who succeeded Muhammad after his death. |
| Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites |
| Umayyads | a Muslim family who came to power of the Islam religion around 661. They moved the Muslim capital to Damascus, so they could control conquered areas easier. They also abandoned the simple life of their previous caliphs and began to surround themselves with wealth and ceremony similar to that of their non-Muslim rulers. Their actions gave rise to a fundamental division in the Muslim community. Rebel groups overthrew them in 750. |
| Damascus | The Umayyads moved the capital to ____, which was centrally located in the expanding Islamic state |
| Shi'ites | A section of Islam that believes that Ali (Muhammad's son in law and husband of Fatima, Muhammad's daughter) and only descendants of Muhammad could be caliphs - also called Shi'a |
| Sunni | a follower of the majority branch of Islam, which feels that successors to Muhammad are to be chosen by the Muslim community |
| Sufi | a group of Muslims who reject lunxuries and have a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual life |
| Fatimid | After the Abbasids ended their reign, this caliphate was formed by Shi'a Muslims who claimed to decend from Muhammad's daughter, Fatima. |
| Abbasids | party of Sunni Muslims, descendants of Muhammad's Uncle, ally with Shi'a and mawali, conquered Persia and Iraq and Syria, assassinate Umayyad clan, turn on allies, build new capital at Baghdad, claim absolute power over Islamic faithful, establish bureaucracy |
| Baghdad | capital and largest city of Iraq |
| Dinar | the basic unit of money in Algeria |
| checks | Arabic word- comes from Sakks |
| Cordoba | The city in which the Umayyads fled to after being taken over by the Abbassids - became an intellectual center - great beautiful city |
| al-Andalua | Muslim state in southern Spain after they tried to expand but were stopped during the Battle of Tours |
| Muslim Network | Muslims states were held together through trade (Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocena, land trading routes such as the Silk Road of China, one language -Arabic, one currency - dinar/ banking system that let merchants lend, give credit/ write checks |
| qur'an | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina |
| calligraphy | "beautiful handwriting," very popular among the Abbasids |
| House of Wisdom | Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s. |
| Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life |
| Judaism, Christianity, Islam | monotheism |
| Shari'a | immense body of law interpreting the Quran and applying its teachings to daily life, regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, and other aspects of a Muslim community |
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