| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Red Scare | 1919-1920 nationwide crusade against left-wingers |
| Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer | "Fighting Quaker" ;; rounded up ~ 6000 suspects in raids |
| Buford | "Soviet Ark" ;; 249 alien radicals deported to Soviet Union |
| Sacco & Vanzetti | Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti ;; convicted of murdering Mass. paymaster & guard ;; jury & judge prejudiced against them (Italians, atheists, anarchists, draft dodgers...) |
| Ku Klux Klan | formed in early 1920s ;; ANTI: - foreign, -Caholic, -black, -Jewish, -pacifist, -Communist, -internationalist, -revolutionist, -bootlegger, -gambling, -adultery, -birth-control |
| "New Immigrants" | 1920-1921 ;; 800,000 immigrants (2/3 southern & eastern Europeans) |
| Emergency Quota Act | European newcomers were restricted at any yr to any quota |
| Immigration Act of 1924 | quota is down to 2% |
| Horace Kallen | believed in pluralism (preservation of identity) ;; U.S. should provide protective canopy for ethnic & racial groups |
| Randolph Bourne | believed in cosmopolitanism interchange (cross fertilization among immigrants) ;; U.S. should serve as vanguard of more international & multicultural age |
| Lindbergh Law | death penalty to certain interstate abduction |
| John Dewey | professor at Columbia U. ;; "learning by doing" |
| Rockefeller Foundation | massive public health program in South ;; rid hookworm |
| Fundamentalists | thought that Darwinian evolution destroyed faith in God/Bible & was bad for youth in jazz age |
| "Monkey Trial" | John T. Scopes ;; high school teacher who taught evolution ;; was charged |
| William Jennings Bryan | lead prosecutor against John T. Scopes |
| Clarence Darrow | defense attorney of John T. Scopes |
| Andrew Mellon | Treasury Secretary ;; favored expansion of capital investment |
| Henry Ford | Model T ;; perfected assembly line production |
| Bruce Barton | 1925 The Man Nobody Knows (Jesus Christ was perfect salesman & all advertisers should study his techniques) |
| Wright Brothers | Orville & Wilbur Wright ;; Dec. 17, 1903 "the miracle at Kitty Hawk", NC ;; first flight |
| Charles Lindbergh | 1st person to fly across Atlantic Ocean on spirit of St Louis (NY to Paris) |
| Guglielmo Marconi | invented wireless telegraphy |
| KDKA | Nov 1920 first voice-carrying radio station announced Warren G. Harding's victory |
| The Great Train Robbery | 1903 birth of a movie ;; featured in 5 cent theaters |
| D.W. Griffith | Birth of a Nation (1915) ;; 1st length classic ;; glorified KKK |
| The Jazz Singer | 1927 ;; 1st "talkie" ;; starring Al Jolson |
| Margaret Sanger | promoted use of birth control |
| Alice Paul | 1923 formed National Woman's Party ;; campaigned for Equal Rights Amendment to Constitution |
| Dr. Sigmund Freud | Viennese physician ;; believed that sexual repression was responsible for society's ills & that pleasure & health needed sexual gratification & liberation |
| Langston Hughes | The Weary Blues (1926) |
| Marcus Garvey | founder of United Negro Improvement Association ;; promotes resettlement of American blacks to own "African homeland", sponsored stores & businesses to keep $ in blacks' pockets ;; inspiration for Nation of Islam |
| H.L. Mencken | wrote the monthly American Mercury ;; attacked marriage, patriotism, democracy, prohibition, Rotarians, middle-class, Puritans |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | This Side of Paradise (1920) ;; The Great Gatsby (1925) |
| Theodore Dreiser | An American Tragedy (1925) |
| Ernest Hemingway | The Sun Also Rises (1926) - American expatriates in Europe ;; Farewell to Arms (1929) - war experience |
| Sherwood Anderson | Winesburg, Ohio (1919) & other small-town life |
| Sinclair Lewis | Main Street (1920) - women's unsuccessful war against provincialism ;; Babbitt (1922) - disparaged small-town America |
| William Faulkner | Soldiers Pay ;; The Sound and the Fury (1929) ;; As I Lay Dying (1930) ;; Absalom, Absalom! (1936) |
| Ezra Pound | poet ;; "Make It New" doctrine |
| T.S. Eliot | poet ;; "The Waste Land" (1922) |
| Eugene O'Neill | actor in plays ;; Strange Interlude (1928) ;; won Nobel Prize in 1936 |
| Robert Frost | poet who wrote about New England |
| e.e. cummings | unorthodox diction & wierd typesetting to produce poetical effects |
| "New Negro" | pride in black culture & wanted full citizenship and social equality |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | architect who built Empire State Building (1931) |
| Bureau of Budget | 1921 Republican Congress created ;; director was to aid President in preparing estimates of receipts & expenditures for submission to Congress as annual budget |
| Charles Evans Hughes | Secretary of State |
| Senator Albert B. Falls | Secretary of Interior |
| Harry M. Daugherty | Attorney General |
| Adkins vs. Children's Hospital | 1923 court reversed Muller vs. Oregon (women had protection in workplace & invalidated minimum-wage law for women) |
| Esch-Cummins Transportation Act | 1920 private consolidation of RR & Interstate Commerce Commission to guarantee profitability |
| Merchant Marine Act of 1920 | formed Shipping Board (controlled 1500 vessels to dispose) to rid ships at bargain prices, reducing navy |
| Railway Labor Board | 1922 ordered 12% wage cut |
| Veterans' Bureau | 1921 operate hospitals & rehabilitation for disabled |
| American Legion | 1919 founded by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. in Paris ;; aggressive lobbying for veterans' benefits |
| Adjusted Compensation Act | 1924 veterans got paid up insurance policy in 20 yrs |
| "Disarmament" Conference | 1921-1922 naval disarmament & situation in Far East ;; Hughes proposed 10 yr break from naval building & equality in battleships/carriers |
| Five-Power Naval Treaty | 1922 embodied Hughes ideas on ship ratio (5:5:3) but compensation for Japanese ;; British & Americans won't fortify Far Eastern colonies (incl. Philippines) |
| Four-Power Treaty | bound Britain, Japan, France, and U.S. to save status quo in Pacific ;; replaced old Anglo-Japanese Alliance |
| Nine-Power Treaty | 1922 signatories agreed to keep Open Door in China |
| Frank B. Kellogg | Coolidge's Secretary of State ;; won Nobel Peace Prize for role in Kellogg-Briand Pact |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | 1928 signed ;; aka Pact of Paris ;; all nations signed will not use war as offensive means |
| Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law | 1922 raised Wilson's Underwood Tariff of 1913 ;; raised tariff 27% to 38.5% ;; duties on produce increased |
| Colonel Charles R. Forbes | 1923 resigned as head of Veterans' Bureau ;; stole $200 million (mostly for building veterans' hospitals) |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | concerning naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome (Wyoming) & Elk Hills (CA) ;; Albert B. Fall induced Secretary of Navy to transfer these ;; Fall leased lands to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair & Edward L. Doheny |
| Capper-Volstead Act | exempted farmers' marketing organization from antitrust prosecution |
| McNary-Haugen Bill | agricultural prices high & gov't buys surpluses, sell abroad, and gov't loses = special taxes on farmers |
| World Court | judicial part of League of Nations |
| Dawes Plan | 1924 Charles Dawes engineered it ;; rescheduled German reparations and furthered American private loans |
| Herbert Hoover | Secretary of Commerce |
| Agricultural Marketing Act | June 1929 helped farmers help themselves through producers' cooperatives ;; lent $ to farm organizations seeking to buy, sell, store agricultural surpluses ;; set up Federal Farm Board (fund of 1/2 billion $) |
| Grain Stabilization Corporation & Cotton Stabilization Corporation | 1930 created by Farm Board ;; goal was to stabilize saggin prices by buying surpluses but choked by lots of farm produce |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff | 1930 first as protective measure to help farmers ;; raised tariff up to 60% ;; plunged world deeper into depression, increased chaos, forced U.S. into economic isolationism |
| Great Crash | Oct. 29, 1929 crash caused by overspeculation and overly high stock prices (built on non-existent credit) |
| Muscle Shoals Bill | dam Tennessee River ;; Hoover opposed gov't selling electricity in competition w/ own citizens in private companies |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | 1932 gov't lending bank ;; assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organization, railroads, state & local govt profited as banker |
| Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act | 1932 outlawed "yellow-dog" contracts & forbade federal courts to issue injunctions to restrict strikes, boycotts, peaceful picketting |
| "Bonus Expeditionary Force" | set up camps ("Hoovervilles") on the capital ;; was forced to evacuate |
| Stimson Doctrine | 1932 Henry L. Stimson ;; U.S. won't recognize land acquisitions by force |
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