| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Mouth | First part of the horse's digestive tract |
| Cannon | The long bone below the knee or hock |
| Chestnuts | The horny growths on the inside of the horse's legs |
| Croup | The part of the horse's back just in front of the base of the tail |
| Frog | Soft fiberous portion of the horse's hoof |
| Trachea | The main tube of the horse's respiratory system |
| Floating | Filing down of the rough surface of the molars to give a smooth grinding surface |
| Hand | The unit of measure used to measure a horse's height, equals 4 inches |
| Iris | The colored portion of the horse's eye that adjusts to control the amount of light entering |
| Laminae | The horny grooved inside of the hoof, connects the coffin bone to the hoof wall |
| Glass eye | An eye without pigment, often present in horses with white faces |
| Smooth mouth | Term for the biting surface of the upper and lower incisors after the cups have disappeared at 12 yrs of age or older |
| Dental Star | A star shaped or circle like structure near the center of the wearing surface of the permanent incisors |
| Full Mouth | Term for when a horse has all its permanent teeth |
| Monogastric | Termfor any animal having only one stomach |
| Monocular vision | The term for the ability to see separate objects with each eye at the same time |
| Optic nerve | The large nerve behind the eye |
| Haw | The third eyelid or membrane in front of the eye which removes foreign bodies from the eye |
| Sebum | A oily, waxy secretion that coats the hair protecting it from overwetting, adds sleekness and luster to the coat |
| Ligaments | What holds bones together |
| Tendons | How are muscles attached to bones |
| Femur | What is the name of the bone located between the hip and stifle joints |
| Rangy | Term for a horse that is lean, muscular, and of slight build |
| Anatomy | The science and study of the structure of the animal body in relation to its parts |
| Type | Commonly accepted standard or idel that combines essential characteristics in adapting an animal for a particular purpose or use (draft, light, stock, pony) |
| 7 | How many cervical vertebrae are in the horse's neck |
| Goose rumped | A hose having a short steep croup |
| Barrel | The area on a horse between the shoulders and hip |
| Gaskin | The muscular portion of the hind leg just above the hock |
| 205 | How many bones in the horse's body |
| Interdental space | The area in a horse's mouth between the molars and incisors |
| Quarter | The external part of the horse's hoof between the heel and toe |
| Neck | The external part of the horse's neck between the withers and poll |
| Commissures | The grooves on either side of the frog that give elasticity to the horse's hoof |
| Galvayne's groove | A groove that appears on the upper corner incisor at 9-10 ys of age and dissapears after 25 |
| Skeleton | What part of the horse's body contains approx. 80% of the body's phosphorus |
| 18 | How many pairs of ribs does the horse have |
| Cecum | What part of the horse's digestive tract is the primary site of net water absorption |
| Stifle joint | The joint located between the femur and the tibia |
| Buccal cavity | The name for the mouth or oral passages |
| Integumentary system | The body system responsible for the horse's hair and skin, external protection and thermoregulation |
| Humerus | The name for the bone located between the elbow and shoulder joints |
| Irregular | How are the bones of the spinal column classified |
| Muscular system | The body system responsible for locomotion and vital body functions |
| Respiratory system | The body system responsible for providing oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide |
| Circulatory system | Body system that carries blood to tissues and cells |
| Digestive system | Body system responsible for ingestion, digestion, asorption of nutrients and elimination of wastes |
| Urinary system | Body system responsible for the elimination of wastes |
| Endocrine system | Body system responsible for hormone and chemical control of body functions |
| Skeletal system | Body system responsible for support of body form and protection of vital organs |
| Reproductive system | Body system responsible for the production of offspring |
| Withers | Part of the horse that is formed by the 3rd, 4th and 5th thorasic vertebrae |
| Scapula | Term for the horse's shoulder blade |
| Digital cushion | The fibro-elastic, fatty cushion located above the frog that aids in shock absorption in the horse's foot |
| Shivering | Term for the spasmotic involuntary muscle contractions that produce heat that help maintain body temp |
| Jugular groove | Groove on either side of the neck above the windpipe |
| Mandible | The horse's lower hinged jaw |
| Maxilla | The horse's upper jaw |
| Milk teeth | The foals first, small whiter baby teeth, shed by age 5 |
| Quarter | The area of the horse's body that includes the croup, rump, and down the sides to the gaskin |
| Shin | The front part of the cannon bone |
| Temples | The area on either side of the horse's forehead |
| Udder | The mammary gland of the mare that produces milk |
| Subcutaneous | Term for beneath the skin |
| Muzzle | Area of the horse that includes the nostrils, mouth, chin and lips |
| Periople | The narrow strip below the cornary band that seals the outer surface of the hoof and prevents it from drying out |
| Sclera | The outer white fiberous membrane covering the eyeball except for the area covered by the cornea (colored part) |
| 37 | How many bones make up the horse's skull |
| Whorl | A line or spot where hairs that lie in different directions meet |
| Axis | The second vertebrae in the cervical (neck) region |
| Panniculus muscle | What specialized muscle allows the horse to twitch it's skin and shake flies off it's body |
| Cannon bone | What bone is located between the horse's knee and ankle |
| 18 | How many thorasic vertebrae does the horse normally have |
| Flat bones | What classification of bones encloses cavities containing vital organs |
| Atlas | What is the name of first vertebrae in the cervical (neck) region |
| Synovial fluid | What is the name for the fluid which lubricates joints |
| Carpal bones | What are the bones that make up the horse's knee joint |
| Tarsal bones | What are the bones that make up the horse's hock joint |
| Muzzle | Where are the tactile hairs located |
| Intercostal muscles | What is the name of the muscle group that are locate between the ribs and are involved in respiration |
| Alveoli | The name for the air sacs in the lungs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged |
| Stifle | When viewed from behind, what area should be the widest point of the hindquarters |
| Orbital cavity | The name for the bony socket that surrounds and protects the eye |
| Bones | What part of the horse's anatomy acts as levers, stores minerals, and is the site of blood cell formation |
| Blind gut | What is another name for the cecum |
| Hormone | What is the chemical secreted by the endocrine system that regulates body functions |
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