Honors History 1 with Duggins
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Seljuk Turks | Muslim people from Central Asia, gained land in Palestine |
| Pope Urban II | Pope that called for a Christian Crusade against the forces of Islam in 1095 c.e. |
| Crusades | Series of military expeditions to regain Holy Land |
| First Crusade | Date 1096-1099, Crusaders captured Jerusalem from Turks |
| Second Crusade | 1147-1149, Crusaders head back to Europe defeated and ashamed |
| Saladin | Muslim leader in the 3rd Crusade |
| Hanseatic League | League of trade cities in Germany which helped regulate trade |
| Barter Economy | Goods and services exchanged for other goods and services without the use of money |
| Domestic System | Manufacturing that took place in homes rather than a workplace |
| Usury | Charging interest on loans, the Church did not allow this practice |
| Capital | Wealth that is earned, saved, and invested to make profits |
| Market Economy | Land, Labor, and Capital are all controlled by individual persons |
| Freedom, Exemption, Town Justice, Commercial Priveliges | The rights given to townspeople (specific) |
| Merchant guild | Merchants and workers began to associate into units |
| Craft Guilds | Skilled workers came together in these for development of a certain product |
| Apprentice | A worker for a master who learns under him |
| Journeyman | A skilled worker who was paid wages by a master |
| Merchants and Master Workers | Made up the majority of the middle class |
| Black Death | Plague that spread throughout Europe in 1347-1351 |
| Vernacular Languages | Everyday speech that varied but very common |
| Troubadours | Traveling singers who wrote poems about love and chivalry |
| Dante Alighieri (Dante) | Italian poet who wrote The Divine Comedy |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet who wrote The Canterbury Tales |
| Scholasticism | Attempt to bring faith and reason together |
| Peter Abelard | Philosopher of scholasticism, wrote "Sic et Non" |
| Thomas Aquinas | Monk who wrote "Summa Theologiae" |
| Gothic | Type of church design that developed in the mid-1100's and stood to heaven |
| Hundred Years War | War that erupted when English king Edward III held land in France that made him a vassal to the French King |
| Edward III and Philip VI | After France's Capetian line died out, these two men both tried to take over the throne |
| House Of Commons | Part of English parliament which gained power after the Hundred Years War |
| War Of The Roses | War between the York and Lancaster families in 1455 |
| Henry Tudor | House of Lancaster man who claimed English throne in 1485 and defeated King Richard III |
| Joan Of Arc | Helped Charles VII to be crowned king of France, was burned at stake |
| Louis XI | Followed Charles VII as king of France, helped strengthen monarchy |
| First Estate | Estate of France that held clergy |
| Second Estate | Estate of France that held Nobles |
| Third Estate | Estate of France that held common people |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | Spain became a nation in 1479 under these two |
| Three archbishops and four German Princes | Emperor Charles IV of the Holy Roman Empire ruled that these electors would choose the emperor |
| Habsburg | Important family that was not too powerful but used marriage to gain control and power in Europe |
| Innocent III | Strong pope from 1198-1216 |
| King Philip IV of France | Ordered that clergy should pay taxes in France |
| Pope Boniface VIII | In 1302, decreed that popes were the only ones with power which went against Philip IV |
| Babylonian Captivity | Years that popes lived in Avignon during 1309-1377 |
| Great Schism | The church began to split into different rulers and opposing groups |
| John Wycliffe | Priest and teacher who attacked church |
| Jan Hus | Criticized church, was excomunicated and killed |
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