| Term | Definition |
| Colony | A land ruled by another country |
| Plantation | A large farm |
| Slavery | The practice of holding people against their will and making them work without pay |
| Borderlands | Area of land on or near the borders between countries, colonies, or regions |
| Presidio | A Spanish fort |
| Mission | A small religious settlement |
| Hacienda | A large estate or home where cattle or sheep are raised |
| Raw Material | A resource that can be used to make a product |
| Stock | Part ownership in business |
| Cash crop | A crop that people grow to sell |
| Profit | The money left over after all costs have been paid for |
| Indentured Servant | A person who agreed to work for another person without pay for a certain length of time in exchange for passage to North America |
| Legislature | The lawmaking branch of a government |
| Represent | To speak for |
| Royal colony | A colony ruled directly by a monarch |