Basic Anthropology Terms
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Created by:
dearri_jackson on September 19, 2012
Subjects:
Anthropology, Biology, chemistry
Description:
Use these for studying for exam 1
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mitosis | Somatic cells that divide one time and have the same number of chromosomes in the end. These create replacement cells |
| meiosis | gamete cells that divide two times to give 23 chromosomes in each cell and creates reproductive organs. |
| somatic cell | creates replacement cells |
| gamete cell | creates reproductive organs |
| organelle | structure in a cell that preforms basic functions |
| autosomes and sex chromosomes | two types of chromosomes |
| autosomes | traits and characteristics |
| sex chromosomes | boy or girl |
| Mendel's law | Law of segregation- states there are two alleles and that half come from each parent. |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| population bottleneck | a decline in population size that causes the gene pool to become less diverse |
| mutation | a change or alteration in form or qualities |
| gene flow | exchange of genes between populations |
| genetic drift | The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events |
| natural selection | a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation | p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | The condition describing a non-evolving population (one that is in genetic equilibrium) |
| Human karyotype | has 46 chromosomes |
| Scientific Method | 1.observe a natural occurrence 2.Make a hypothesis 3.Collect data 4.Test 5.Repeat |
| nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| cell membrane | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell |
| nucleotides | Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | deoxyribonucleic acid |
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