Kingdom Fungi
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mycology | the study of fungi |
| heterotrophs | Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food |
| parasites | one of the two general types of fungi; an organism that lives in or on another organism, deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it. |
| saprobes | one of the two general types of fungi; organisms that get their nutrients from dead or decaying matter |
| extracellular digestion | all fungal digestion; fungal strands secrete digestive enzymes to dissolve its host (food) |
| hypha (-ae) | make up the body of most common fungi; tiny filaments; also form special reproductive structures that are characteristic of the different phyla |
| mycelium (-ia) | intertwined hyphae that form the body of the fungus |
| chitin | cells walls of fungi are made of this and some polysaccharides |
| multinucleate | since some fungi have no interior cell walls, they have this type of open tube |
| cytoplasmic streaming | circular flow of cytoplasm within cells; quickly carries nutrients to the growing tips of the hyphae; this plus the mitosis occuring completely within the nuclei explains how fungi grow so quickly |
| lignin | only fungi can digest this substance that gives wood its stiffness |
| symbiosis | the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; fungi are partners in this |
| mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship |
| lichens | represent symbiotic relationships between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner |
| mycorrhizae | symbiotic relationships between fungal hyphae and plant roots; Phylum Glomeromycota |
| endomycorrhizae | Mycorrhizae that grow inside the root of the plant; Phylum Glomeromycota |
| ectomycorrhizae | Mycorrhizae that grow around the root of the plant; Phylum Glomeromycota |
| crustose | one of three body types for Phylum Ascomycota; thin encrustation |
| foliose | one of three body types for Phylum Ascomycota; leaf-like |
| fruticose | one of three body types for Phylum Ascomycota; thin branches |
| sporangium (-ia) | where spores are formed |
| gametangium (-ia) | fused structure that is made when two mating strains extend a projection of their hyphae towards one another, they meet, and fuse at the tips |
| conjugation | the fusion of nuclei; the way fungi reproduce sexually |
| mating strain | no male of female fungi; + or - |
| spore | non-motile, spread by wind,water,and animals; produced in large numbers; haploid cells in a protective envelope that can develop directly into haploid adults; usually microscopic |
| monokaryotic | fungi with only one nucleus in each cell |
| dikaryotic | fungi with two nuclei in each cell (basidiomycetes and ascomycetes) |
| conidiophore | a specialized fungal hypha that produces conidia |
| conidia | fungi reproduce asexually by forming these haploid spores |
| slime mold | two "orphan" phyla; cellular and plasmodial |
| plasmodium | feeding stage in plasmodial slime molds |
| swarm cell | The structure that is really many cells acting in unison to gather food. Called together for this purpose. |
| zoo spore | Phylum Chytridiomycota; motile and how this phylum reproduces |
| black wart disease | Phylum Chytridiomycota; parasites in potatoes cause this |
| chytrid | Phylum Chytridiomycota example |
| mycorrhizae | Phylum Glomeromycota example |
| bread molds | Phylum Zygomycota example |
| stolon | modified hyphae in mycelium, runner-like, spreads the mold; Phylum Zygomycota |
| rhizoid | modified hyphae in mycelium, root like, anchors the mold; Phylum Zygomycota |
| sporangiophore | modified hyphae in mycelium, stalk holds sporangium; Phylum Zygomycota |
| sporangium | modified hyphae in mycelium, tiny round ball full of spores; Phylum Zygomycota |
| zygospore | reproductive structures that form from zygomycetes; look like two ice cream cones smashed together; sporangia germinate from these; Phylum Zygomycota |
| yeast | Phylum Ascomycota example |
| ascus | Phylum Ascomycota; the "sac" reproductive structure that forms ascospores |
| ascocarp | Phylum Ascomycota; sac fungi body |
| ascospores | Phylum Ascomycota; formed from ascus; zygotes divides by meiosis to form four of these haploid spores |
| budding | Phylum Ascomycota; an asexual process which part of a yeast cell pinches itself off to produce a small offspring cell |
| conidiophore | Phylum Ascomycota; a type of hyphae that bears asexual spore called conidia |
| conidia | Phylum Ascomycota; asexual spores produced at tips of hyphae |
| mushrooms | Phylum Basidiomycota example |
| basidium (-ia) | Phylum Basidiomycota; club shaped reproductive structures that make basidiospores |
| basidiocarp | Phylum Basidiomycota; basidiomycetes form from this fruiting body AKA a mushroom |
| basidiospores | Phylum Basidiomycota; form at tip of basidia |
| mushroom cap | Phylum Basidiomycota; emerges from the soil, houses the gills |
| mushroom gills | Phylum Basidiomycota; hold the club shaped basidia; the thin verticle plates on underside of mushroom |
| fairy ring | Phylum Basidiomycota; circles of mushrooms, used to believe they were magical places where fairies danced at night; growth pattern is almost a perfect circle |
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