Chapter 1
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Created by:
overwhelmed2013 on September 20, 2012
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Study for Chapter 1 quiz in AP Gov.
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Linkage Institutions | Political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda |
| Policy Agenda | The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given point in time. (List of Priorities) |
| 5 corner stones of an ideal democratic society | Equality in voting Effective participation Enlightened understanding Citizen control of the agenda Inclusion |
| Pluralist Theory | Competing interest groups that organize efforts to influence the agenda |
| Elite and Class Theory | Society divided along class lines; the upper-elite pulls the strings of Gov't |
| Hyperpluralism | Many competing groups are so strong that government has been brought to a standstill |
| Democracy | A system of selecting policymakers and organizing gov't so that policy represents and responds to the public's preference |
| Challenges facing American democracy today | *Increased technical expertise (as the human knowledge has expanded, it has become increasingly difficult for individual citizen to make well-informed decisions) *Limited participation in Gov't *Escalating campaign cost *Diverse political interest |
| Principle components of the policymaking system | People Linkage Institutions Policy Agenda Policymaking Institutions Policy People |
| Gross-Domestic Product | Sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation |
| 5 Elements of the American Creed | *Liberty *Egalitarianism (political equality [equal voting rights for all American citizens]) *Individualism (belief that people can & should get ahead on their own) *Laissez-faire (promote free markets & limited gov't) *Populism (political philosophy supporting the rights of average citizens in their struggle against privileged elites) |
| 4 Linkage Institutions | *Political Parties *Elections *Interest Groups *Media |
| Functions that Gov't performs | *Maintain National Defense *Provide public services called "public goods" *Preserve order *Socialize the young *Collect taxes |
| Autocracy | monarchy or dictatorship |
| Oligarchy | A Group of Landowners, military rulers, wealthy elite, warlords, etc... |
| Harold D. Lasswell | "Who gets what, when and how" 1902-1978 one of the most original and productive political scientists and communication theorists of his time. |
| Michael Delli Carpini and Scott Keeter | Political knowledge, "1.Fosters civic virtues, such as political tolerance; 2.Helps citizens to identify what policies would truly benefit them and then incorporate this information in their voting behavior; 3.promotes active participation in politics." |
| Political Culture | An overall set of values widely shared within a society |
| What is the Nature of American political Culture? | Supportive of cultural values like liberty and egalitarianism, however divided onto different sides of the political field which have different political cultures. |
| Single-Issue Groups | Have narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, cast votes based one issue, ignoring the politicians stand on everything else. |
| Policymaking Institutions | Branches of Gov't charged with taking action on political issues (Congress, The Presidency, and The Courts) |
| Public Policy | A choice that Gov't makes in response to a political issue |
| Minority Rights | Guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument. |
| Policy Gridlock | Occurs when each policy coalition (group) finds its way clocked by others; when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy |
| Politics | Determine whom will be selected as governmental leaders and what policies the leaders pursue (a struggle for control) |
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