History Chapter 12
Order by
46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 duke of Alba | sent by philip to Netherlands in Council of Blood (or troubles) |
| Don John | Philip's brother lead naval battle at Corinth and won |
| William of Orange | (also William of Naussa) lead revolt in Netherlands prince of Orange |
| John Hawkins | English pirate preyed on Spanish ships & Armada (like a navy) |
| Sir Francis | Circumnavigated the Globe and preyed on Spanish ships. Shelled Cadiz and postponed invasion |
| Sea Beggars | anti-spanish pirates. Criminals and exiles of English. Fought for Elizabeth I against |
| Counter-Reformation | Separated Catholics from protestant. promoted centralized government when protestants didn't want central government |
| Peace of St. Germain | ended 3rd french way. recognized nobility power, gave Huguenots religious freedom |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | 3,000 Huguenots killed in Paris Catherine de Medicis sen Charles IX to do it celebrated by Catholic leaders |
| Treaty of Chateau | ... |
| Edict of Nantes | (April 1598) sanctioned Huguenots' rights within France (freedom to worship, right of assembly, etc.) |
| Peace of Beaulieu | led by Henry III (May 1576); granted Huguenots almost complete religious & civil freedom. only lasted a short time |
| 39 articles | (a revision of Cranmer's 42) made moderate protestantism official religion within the church of England |
| Armada | spanish fleet that was defeated by the English in 1588 sent to promote Catholicism and to return English's acts of war -> encouraged European protestants |
| baroque style | ... |
| Pacification of Ghent | unified protestants and catholics provinces Netherlands to go against Spain |
| treaty of vervins | ended hostilities with France and Spain |
| board of presbyters | calvinists elder representatives |
| politiques | monarchs who prospected because of religious indifference |
| Huguenots | French protestants |
| guises | powerful political family in france that tried to take over the Monarchy after Henry II |
| Catherine de Medicis | served as regent for Charles XI, sought allies among protestant factions; issued the January Edict |
| *the union of Arras & Utrecht | union of arras formed in between protestants and catholics. southern provinces (protestants) broke away and formed union of Utrecht |
| *bourbons and m-c | powerful political family in france that tried to take over the Monarchy after Henry II - these two families felt sympathy for Huguenots and teamed up with the Calvinists |
| Henry of Navarre | former protestant turned catholic, a politique, tried to appease both protestants and catholics issued Edict of Nantes |
| coligny | (1559-1561) leaders of the Huguenots |
| catholic league | chutes way of trying to control France |
| Phillip II | Spanish king who wanted to control everything any convert everything back to Catholic - fought the Netherlands because they revolted |
| Cardinal Granvelle | head of council of Netherlands with Margaret wanted to centralize monarchy and control everything |
| Count of Egmont | led resistance against Granvelle; got Granvelle off of council -> later executed |
| Mary I | queen after Edward II reverted English back to Catholic and had married Phillip II |
| Elizabeth I | defeated Armada; execute Mary, queen of Scots(aroused catholic anger) |
| Sir William Cecil | Advisor of Elizabeth I |
| Mary, Queen of Scotts | French and very catholic daughter of king of Scotland (heir to that throne); married a French king |
| Henry II | led Huguenot persecution |
| January Edict | granted protestants freedom to worship publicly outside towns |
| Battle of Lepanto | between Spain and Turkish on the Mediterranean, Spain dominated Turkish fleets |
| Twelve Years' War | (1609) achieved true peace with Spain |
| Peace of Wethphalia | (1648) finalized peace between the Netherlands and Spain |
| 1559 Act of Supremacy | issued by Elizabeth I, undid most anti-protestant legislation established by Mary I; asserted Elizabeth's right as "supreme governor" over spiritual and secular affairs |
| Thirty Years' War | a complicated series of battles in you phases: bohemian, danish, swedish, and swedish-french between countries with radically opposed political and religious agendas |
| Bohemian Period | (1618-1625)Calvinists demanded more freedom from Catholic Hapsburg ruler Ferdinand -> "defenestration of Prague" |
| Danish Period | (1625-1629)King Christian of Denmark tried to bring Protestantism to Germany and was forced to retreat by Maximilian In (1629) Ferdinand outlawed Calvinism by issuing "Edict of Restitution" |
| Swedish Period | (1630-1635) military tactics of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden helped Protestants win the battle of Breitenfeld -> Swedes refuse the "Peace of Prague" |
| Swedish-French Period | final phase of 30 years' war, involved French Swedish, and Spanish soldiers wreaking havoc in Germany; most destructive point in the war, political issues over religious issues |
| Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 | stopped Ferdinand's Edict of Restitution & recognized Calvinists - independence of the Swiss Confederacy & provinces of Holland was proclaimed - German princes were acknowledged as the supreme rulers over their principalities - the treaty broadened the legal status of Protestantism but perpetuated Germany's internal division & political weakness |
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