Geometry Vocabulary
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Created by:
surfergirll on September 20, 2012
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Description:
Vocabulary for honors geometry
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 point | a dot; has no dimension, represented by a capital letter |
| line | extends in two directions without end, one dimension (length) no width or thickness, represented by a single lowercase letter or two points |
| postulate | a statement that is accepted without proof |
| plane | extends in two dimensions (length and width) without ending, has no thickness, often represented as a capital letter |
| space | a collection of all points |
| collinear points | points all in one line |
| coplaner points | points all in one plane |
| intersect/intersection | to meet and cross, to piece or divide, the set of points common to two or more geometric configurations |
| segment | the union of two endpoints and all the points between them |
| ray | consists of a collection of points extending from an endpoint continuing infinity in one direction |
| opposite rays | two rays that share a common endpoint and continuing infinity in one direction |
| length | the absolute value of the difference between two coordinates |
| coordinate | the real number that corresponds to a point |
| between | a geometric concept that implies points are collinear |
| congruent | two objects with exactly the same size and shape |
| congruent segments | two segments of equal length |
| midpoint of a segment | a point which divides a segment into two congruent segments |
| bisector of a segment | a line, ray, segment, or plane that intersects a segment at its midpoint |
| angle | a figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint |
| acute angle | any angle whose measure is greater than zero degrees but less than 90 degrees |
| right angle | any angle whose measure is exactly 90 degrees |
| obtuse angle | any angle whose measure is greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees |
| strait angle | any angle whose measure is exactly 180 degrees |
| congruent angles | angles that have equal measure |
| adjacent angles | two angles in a plane that: 1. have a common vertex 2. share a common side 3. have no common interior point |
| bisector of an angle | a ray that divides an angle into two congruent adjacent angles |
| conditional statement | a logical statement that contains two parts, a hypothesis and a conclusion |
| "if-then" form | If hypothesis, then conclusion |
| hypothesis | the premise, the argument, something supposed to be true |
| conclusion | the result, the inference, the outcome |
| negation | the writing of the negative of a statement |
| converse | a statement written by switching the hypothesis and conclusion |
| inverse | formed when you negate the hypothesis and conclusion |
| contrapositive | formed when you negate the converse |
| equivalent statements | formed when two statements are either both true or both false |
| biconditional statement | writing the conditional statement and its converse using the phrase, "if and only if" |
| counter example | formed by finding an example in which the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false |
| Addition Proterty of Equality (APOE) | if a=b and c=d, then a+c = b+d |
| Subtraction Proterty of Equality (SPOE) | if a=b and c=d, then a-c = b-d |
| Multiplication Proterty of Equality (MPOE) | if a=b, then ac = bc |
| Division Proterty of Equality (DPOE) | if a=b and c(doesn't)=0, then a/c = b/c |
| Reflexive Proterty of Equality (RPOE) | a=a |
| Symmetric Proterty of Equality (SyPOE) | if a=b, then b=a |
| Transitive Proterty of Equality (TPOE) | if a=b and b=c, then a=c |
| Distributive Proterty of Equality (DiPOE) | if a(b +/- c +/- d) then ab +/- ac +/- ad |
| Reflexive Proterty of Congruence (RPOC) | <DE (is congruent to) <DE |
| Symmetric Proterty of Congruence (SPOC) | if <DE (is congruent to) <FG, then <FG (is congruent to) <DE |
| Transitive Proterty of Congruence (TPOC) | if <DE (is congruent to) <FG and <FG (is congruent to) <JK, then <DE (is congruent to) <JK |
| two column proof | contains and column labeled statements and another column labeled reasons |
| verticle angles | two angles with sides that form two pairs of opposite rays, formed by the intersection of two lines |
| linear pair | two adjacent angles if their noncommon sides are opposite rays |
| complementary angles | sum of two measures of angles that equal 90 degrees |
| supplementary angles | sum of two measures of angles that equal 180 degrees |
| perpendicular lines | two lines which intersect to form right angles |
| parallel lines | lines that are coplaner and do not intersect |
| skew lines | lines that are not coplaner and do not intersect (will never be parallel) |
| parallel planes | planes that do not intersect |
| transversal | a line that intersects two or more coplaner lines at different points |
| corresponding angles | two angles that occupy corresponding positions |
| alternate interior angles | two angles that lie inside the two lines on opposite sides of the transversal |
| alternate exterior angles | two angles that lie outside the two lines on opposite sides of the transversal |
| consecutive interior angles | two angles that lie between the two lines on the same side of the transversal |
| triangle | a figure formed by three segments joining three non-collinear points |
| auxiliary line | a line, ray, or segment added to a diagram to help in a proof |
| corollary | a statement that can be proved easily by applying a theorem |
| exterior angle | when one side of a triangle is extended |
| polygon | a figure with many strait sides such that each segment intersects exactly two other segments and no two segments are collinear |
| convex polygon | a plygon such that no line containing a side of the polygon contains a point in the interior of the polygon |
| concave polygon | a polygon such that no line containing a side of the polygon does contain a point in the interior of the polygon |
| diagnol | any segment joining to nonconsecutive vertices |
| summa | sum of, summation |
| regular polygon | any plygon that is both equiangular and equilateral |
| ratio | a comparison of two numbers (a to b, a:b, a/b, b[does not]= 0) |
| congruent | two figures have exactly the same shape and size |
| congruent triangles | two triangles are congruent if and only if their vertices can be matched up such that the corresponding parts of the triangle are congruent |
| CPCTC | Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent |
| 2D Name of Polygons | 3 triangle 4 quadrillateral 5 pentagon 6 hexagon 7 septagon/heptagon 8 octagon 9 nonagon 10 decagon 11 undecagon 12 dodecagon 20 icosagon n n-gon |
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