Digestive System A&P
About this set
Created by:
BiologyWeymouthHS on November 11, 2009
Classes:
Anatomy and Physiology For HESI, A&P girls, A&P2, A&P Weymouth HS
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 alimentary canal | digestive tract consisting of a tube running between the mouth and the anus |
| salivary glands | three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; the parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual glands |
| gallbladder | stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver |
| liver | produces bile and stores glycogen |
| pancreas | produces insulin and glucagon, enzymes, and sodium bicarbonate |
| mouth | oral cavity; mechanical digestion (chewing) and chemical digestion of carbs start |
| pharynx | the throat; last place food and air mix |
| esophagus | muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| stomach | large muscular sac that continues mechanical digestion and starts chemical digestion of proteins |
| small intestine | organ in which most chemical digestion takes place |
| large intestine | organ that absorbs water from undigested material |
| rectum | lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored |
| ingestion | process of taking in food |
| mechanical processing | physical breakdown of foods |
| chemical digestion | process in which enzymes and other chemicals are used to break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks |
| secretion | process of producing a substance within an organ and discharging it |
| absorption | process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood |
| elimination | process of passing undigested material out of the anus |
| defecation | elimination of fecal waste through the anus |
| duodenum | first portion of the small intestine which receives secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas |
| ileum | last and longest portion of the small intestine where most absorption takes place |
| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine where most chemical digestion is completed |
| Peyer's patches | collections of lymphatic tissue found along the length of the small intestine |
| propulsion | movement of food from one organ to the next |
| peristalsis | involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system |
| segmentation | rhythmic mixing of chyme with digestive enzymes in the small intestine |
| mucosa | innermost layer of digestive tract |
| submucosa | layer superficial to the mucosa which contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves |
| muscularis externa | bilayer of smooth muscle which consists of a layer running circularly and another running longitudinally |
| serosa | outer layer the alimentary canal; secretes a watery fluid to reduce friction |
| visceral peritoneum | serous membrane that covers abdominal organs |
| parietal peritoneum | serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| mesenteries | connective tissues that anchor organs to the body wall and provide a pathway for nerves and blood vessels |
| tongue | muscular organ which assists with chewing, swallowing, and taste |
| tonsils | clusters of lymphatic tissue found in the pharynx |
| mastication | chewing |
| haustra | pouches of the large intestine that allow expansion and elongation |
| anus | muscular opening at the end of the rectum |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine where appendix is attached |
| glucagon | pancreatic hormone that raises blood sugar |
| insulin | pancreatic hormone that lowers blood sugar |
| microvilli | extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area |
| villi | projections inside the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients |
| bile | a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles |
| ileocecal valve | sphincter separating the small and large intestine |
| rennin | a milk protein-digesting enzyme found in babies but not adults |
| gastrin | hormone secreted by stomach cells that signal glands in stomach to release gastric juice |
| chyme | acidic, semiliquid mass of partially digested food and gastric juice |
| pepsin | enzyme hat begins the breakdown of proteins in the stomach |
| mucus neck cells | produce an acidic mucus in the stomach |
| parietal cells | produce hydrochloric acid which kills bacteria and activates pepsinogen |
| chief cells | secrete pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin, in the stomach |
| goblet cells | secrete an alkaline mucus to protect the lining of the small intestine from stomach acid |
| salivary amylase | enzyme in saliva that begins the breakdown of carbs |
| saliva | contains mucus, enzymes, and water; moistens food |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| soft palate | soft part of the back of the roof of the mouth, closes off nasal cavities when swallowing |
| epiglottis | flap of cartilage that covers the trachea while swallowing |
| cardioesophageal sphincter | muscular opening between the esophagus and stomach |
| pyloric sphincter | circular muscle that controls the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine |
| bolus | chewed up clump of food |
| rugae | numerous folds of the stomach which allow the stomach to be able to expand |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.
Set Champions
Scatter Champion
0.6 secs by alex_hiciano
Space Race Champion
73,170 points by emfoley
Speller Champion
96.2% correct by 12aalang
Completed “Learn” mode
alex_hiciano , nicolerf14 , Cassaundra_Griffin , lilydumont , 12mrwalker , 12aalang , cemx143 , bridgetjaklitsch , abigailsheehan , ilovetostudy , joyneema77 , Mama-Mia Plus, ZSchneid , cristalmurphy , iceprincess3193